Muscle Notes #3 (Diseases/Injuries)

Degenerative joint disease, articular cartilage breaks down due to low synovial fluid, overuse, and/or injury.

• ¨Wear and tear¨ disease.

• Symptoms: Joint pain, stiffness, loss of ROM, and swelling.

• Other Causes: Weak muscles on the side of joint, obesity, and inactivity.

Grating sound produced by friction between bones.

Stretching or tearing of ligaments beyond the ROM.

• Symptoms: Pain and swelling.

• Causes: Trauma, most common in ankles, wrist, knee, and thumb.

• Treatment: RICE and OTC pain relievers.

• Recovery: Days-Months based on severity of the tear.

Localized pain, swelling, and inflammation of the bursae, occurs after injury or infection.

• Causes/Risk factors: Gout, rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes, repetitive motion, poor posture, and spine issues. Commonly occur in shoulder, elbow, knee, and hip.

• Treatment: RICE and OTC pain relievers. Infections require aggressive action, such as antibiotics, cortisone injections, or drainage.

When the hip socket does not fully cover the ball of the femoral head.

• Hip becomes partially or completely dislocated.

• Can lead to one leg being longer than the other, labral tears, and osteoarthritis

• Genetic, most common in women.

Separation of the ring of cartilage that holds the head of the bone in socket.

Chronic, autoimmune inflammatory disorder of the synovial lining of the joints.

• Symptoms: Tender, stiff, and swollen joints. Pain increases with activity, effects smaller joints first.

• Risks: Smoking, obesity, and family history (genetics).

High levels of uric acid cause needle-like crystals to form in the synovial fluid.

• Symptoms: Intense joint pain, usually in the big toe. Joints become swollen, tender, and warm. Pain lingers from two days to two weeks.

• Risk Factors: Diet of high meat, fructose, or alcohol. Obesity, uncontrolled HTN, diabetes, heart disease, kidney disease, and genetics (commonly men)

When some of the softer jelly pushes out, through a tear in the tougher exterior of the disc.

• Symptoms: Can irritate nearby nerves. Pain, numbness, and weakness in the muscles of an arm or leg.

Pain resulting from wear and tear of vertebral discs.

• Symptoms: Sharp or constant pain, numbness, weakness in muscles of an arm or leg.

Hypermobility in one or more joints.

• At risk for loss of stability in hypermobile joints.

• Occurs in 10%-25% of the population.