Tags & Description
Liquid carbon dioxide
________ released from the extinguisher into the environment at 1 atm immediately changes to a vapor.
structures of crystalline solids
The ________ are most commonly determined by X- ray diffraction.
Ductile
________: Can be drawn to form a wire.
Diffraction
________ is due to constructive interference when the waves of parallel beams are in phase and to destructive interference when the waves are out of phase.
Metals
________ are characterized by high thermal and electrical conductivity, malleability, and ductility.
Electrons
________ must be in singly occupied molecular orbitals to conduct a current.
London dispersion forces
In the Group 8A solids, the noble gas elements are attracted to each other with ________.
Equilibrium
________: No further net change occurs in the amount of liquid or vapor because the two opposite processes exactly balance each other.
Sublimation
________: A process in which a substance goes directly from the solid to the gaseous state.
alcohol's methanol
The ________ and ethanol have much higher boiling points than would be expected from their molar masses because of the polar O- H bonds in these molecules, which produce hydrogen bonding.
Table sugar
________, on the other hand, is composed of neutral molecules that are dispersed throughout the water when the solid dissolves.
Diffractometer
________: A computer- controlled instrument used for carrying out the X- ray analysis of crystals.
plot of temperature
Heating curve: A(n) ________ versus time for a process where energy is added at a constant rate.
p-n junction
The ________ has revolutionized electronics; modern solid- state components contain ________ in printed circuit 10.6 Molecular Solids.
Alloy
________: a substance that contains a mixture of elements and has metallic properties.
Silicon
________ is also an important constituent of the compounds that make up the earths crust.
vapor pressure
Measurements of the ________ for a given liquid at several temperatures show that ________ increases significantly with temperature.
Liquids
________ exhibit many characteristics that help us understand their nature.
crystalline solid
The positions of the components in a(n) ________ are usually represented by a lattice.
net number of spheres
Knowing the ________ (atoms) in a particular unit cell is important for many applications involving solids.
large atoms
The dispersion forces in molecules with ________ are quite significant and are often actually more important than dipole- dipole forces.
Molecules
________ with dipole moments can attract each other electrostatically by lining up so that the positive and negative ends are close to each other.
phase diagram
The ________ for water shows which state exists at a given temperature and pressure.
Hydrogen bonding
________ has a very important effect on physical properties.
energy level diagram
In the ________ for diamond, there is a large gap between the filled and the empty levels.
interstitial alloy
A(n) ________ is formed when some of the interstices (holes) in the closest packed metal structure are occupied by small atoms 10.5 Carbon and Silicon: Network Atomic Solids.
liquid state
The ________ has strong intermolecular forces and significant molecular motions.
ceramic contains
A(n) ________ two phases: minute crystals of silicates that are suspended in glassy cement.
molecular orbitals
The existence of empty ________ close in energy to filled ________ explains the thermal and electrical conductivity of metal crystals.
Ceramics
________ seem an obvious choice for constructing jet and automobile engines in which the greatest fuel efficiencies are possible at very high temperatures.
Octahedral holes
________ are formed between two sets of three spheres in adjoining layers of the closest packed structures.
Molecular complexity
________ leads to higher viscosity because very large molecules can become entangled with each other.
Ionic solids
________ such as NaCl and NaF have very high melting points and enthalpies of fusion because of the strong ionic forces in these solids.
characteristic of liquid water
If energy is added, the motions of the molecules increase, and they eventually achieve the greater movement and disorder ________.
Surface tension
________: The resistance of a liquid to an increase in its surface area.
Metals
________ conduct electricity and heat very efficiently because of the availability of highly mobile electrons.
vapor pressures
The melting and boiling points for a substance are determined by the ________ of the solid and liquid states.
phase diagram
A(n) ________ is a convenient way of representing the phases of a substance as a function of temperature and pressure.
Crystalline solids
________: Highly regular arrangement of their component.
Hydrogen bonding
________ is also important in organic molecules.
Ionic solids
________ are stable, high- melting substances held together by the strong electrostatic forces that exist between oppositely charged ions.