AP Gov Panic

freedom of speech, press, petition, peaceable assembly, religion

right to bear arms

no quartering troops in times of peace

no unreasonable search of seizure (right to privacy)

due process: no self incrimination/ no double jeopardy

due process: speedy trial and council (attorney)

trial by jury in civil cases

no cruel and unusual punishment

people’s rights (if not denied/ you have it)

state’s rights (if powers aren’t given to fed of denied from states it goes to states)

suit concerning states

president and vice president are elected on separate ballots (running mate)

abolished slavery/involuntary servitude

right of citizens

universal black male suffrage

income tax

direct election of Senators

prohibition

women’s suffrage

changes presidential inauguration date (March 4 to January 20)

repealed prohibition

president 2 terms only (or ten years)

DC representation for presidential elections

no poll taxes

temporary president and line of succession

voting age is 18

congressional compensations

Federalism, State can't sue a bank of the US

Federalism; Gun Free School Zone's Act regulating interstate commerce

1st amendment establishment clause; prayer in schools (“It is vital to evangelicals to pray“)

1st amendment free exercise clause; Amish family (“Yo dare make me go to school“)

1st amendment freedom of speech/expression; Vietnam War bands (“High schoolers tinkering in war“)

1st amendment freedom of press; Pentagon Papers

1st amendment freedom of speech; Espionage Act; draft dodger pamphlet (“Schneck was shirking the draft“)

Selective incorporation 6th amendment right to council; must receive right to council (“Gideon has the Wainwright to council“)

selective incorporation right to privacy (4th amendment), right to abortion

Selective incorporation; 2nd amendment; cities can’t ban guns (“Old McDonald had a gun“)

14th amendment Equal Rights & Protections; “Separate but equal“ is not equal

Campaign Finance; Hilary: The Movie; Corporations are people too; 1st amendment Free Speech

One person one vote - Tennessee; Legislative Reapportionment (“Baker seems rural and carrs are in the city“)

Racial gerrymandering; minority districts; 14th amendment (“Reno and racial“)

Judicial Review

political unit with the power to make and enforce laws over a group of people in a clearly defined territory

Government, Territory/land, Population, Sovereignty (supreme power to act within its territory)

Unitary, Confederal, Federal

Power goes down (UK)

Power goes up (AOC)

Power goes both ways (US)

Autocracy, Monarchy, Oligarchy, Democracy, Republic

Hobbes, Locke, Rousseau, Montesquieu

Wrote Leviathan; people are selfish, without gov-->chaos, give up some rights for order (executive branch)

Wrote Two Treaties of Gov; natural/God-given rights, gov exists to protect rights

Social contract, people are obligated to fix gov

Wrote Spirit of Laws; 3 sections for checks and balances

Equality, Natural rights, Consent of the governed

John Jay, James Madison, Alexander Hamilton

Participatory, pluralist, elite

Direct democracy; everyone votes on everything, majority rules

interest groups; single issues per group (usually) ex. party system, NAACP

Representatives are chosen to act as trustees

Tax, have standing army, have an executive branch, have national court system

Philadelphia, 55 delegates, 12/13 states (No Rhode Island)

Virginia (Big states), New Jersey (Small states), Connecticut (Great)(Roger Sherman)

Straight and Constitutional

James Madison

3 branches, bicameral legislation (Senate and House of Representatives), based on population

unicameral, equal representation

3 branches, bicameral legislation (House of Representative based on population and Senate equal)

Sept 17,1787

9/13 states; 1789

435

All men are, by nature, equally free and independent - Virginia Dec of Rights

Human beings are no naturally subordinate to each other - Hobbs

Equality is not a product of law or social construction

We have individual natural rights (life, liberty, pur of happiness, property, religion)

To secure rights, gov is instituted among men

Gov must have a criminal law to punish those who hurt others natural rights

To keep consent secure, separation of power, federalism, and BOR

sharing of power between state and federal/national government; not balanced, shared

Legislative Branch

Executive Branch

Judicial Branch

Relations among the states (Full Faith and Credit Clause):

States will comply with other states laws (some registrations travel through states (marriage and drivers))

Amendment Process: (2/3 cote of both houses to propose, then ratified through 3/4 of state legislature)

National Supremacy

Ratification

Federal powers

State powers

powers both share (tax)

Federal government using money (grants) to influence & control states

How federal gov gives money for specific use

Type of federal grants-in-aid; made for some specific, closely defined, purpose (power to federal gov)

Federal grants-in-aid that allow states considerable discretion in how the funds are spent (power to state gov)

Fed gov supplies money with conditions; carrot and stick approach

Returning of power from fed gov to state gov - more block grants

Dual federalism, cooperative federalism, new federalism (kinda)

Distinct lines/differences between fed powers and state powers; limited government; founding → New Deal

Mingling of responsibilities between the state and national government; Shared powers; indistinct

Basically just Dual Federalism (Ronald Reagan)

States must deliver captured fugitive criminals back to state of original crime

Article 4, Sec 2, clause 1 - Prevents a state from treating citizens from other states in a discriminatory manner

The clause in the Constitution (Article I, Section 8) allows Congress to "regulate commerce with other nations" and between states

Idea that Congress can regulate only when the commodity requires national reform

the Supreme Court upheld the power of the national government and denied the right of a state to tax the federal bank using the Constitution's supremacy clause. The Court's broad interpretation of the necessary and proper clause paved the way for later rulings upholding expansive federal powers

Congress passes a gun free zone act for schools. Makes it a crime to carry guns within 1000 ft. of a school. Lopez convicted of carrying a gun within 1000 feet and the court rules that acting like doing this is a direct affect on commerce is absolutely a stretch. Therefore, the law is unconstitutional

regulates discharge of pollutants into water