AP bio unit 2

phospholipid bilayer that surrounds all cells and regulates what enters and leaves the cell, selectively permeable

a process in which the plasma membrane of a cell allows some molecules into the cell while keeping others out

A rigid structure that surrounds the cell membrane and provides support to the cell

A large organelle in eukaryotic cells that has a double membrane and houses the cell's DNA.

A molecule that has both a hydrophilic region and a hydrophobic region.

a lipid consisting of a glycerol bound to two fatty acids and a phosphate group.

A lipid that forms an essential component of animal cell membranes that helps stabilize its fluidity.

A protein in the cell membrane with one or more carbohydrates covalently attached to it that acts as a signal to other cells.

a protein loosely bound to the surface of a membrane and not embedded in the phospholipid bilayer

proteins embedded in the phospholipid bilayer, and touching both sides of the membrane

Integral proteins that function as a channel for water.

a protein that allows the transport of specific substances across a cell membrane - through facilitated diffusion.

A membrane protein, specifically a transport protein, that holds onto molecules and changes their shapes in a way that shuttles them across the membrane, active transport that requires energy.

the movement of substances across a cell membrane without the use of energy by the cell (diffusion and osmosis)

Energy-requiring process that moves material across a cell membrane against a concentration difference

An double membraned organelle found in large numbers in most cells, in which the biochemical processes of respiration and energy production occur. It has its own DNA!

An double membraned organelle found in plant and algae cells where photosynthesis occurs. It has its own DNA!

A system of membranes that is found in a cell's cytoplasm and that assists in the production, processing, and transport of proteins. This one has ribosomes.

A system of membranes that is found in a cell's cytoplasm and that assists in the production, processing, and transport of lipids. This one does NOT have ribosomes.

Small RNA/Protein structures that synthesize proteins.

An organelle made of flattened membrane sacs that modifies, packages, and transports material out of the cell.

cell organelle filled with enzymes needed to break down certain materials in the cell

Cell organelle that stores materials such as water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates.

a variable that decreases as cells grow, so that it sets a limit to the size of cells.

Structural model of the plasma membrane with a flexible arrangement of molecules embedded in a phospholipid bilayer.

Make the phospholipid bilayer more fluid

Make the phospholipid bilayer less fluid

Can't cross the membrane unassisted

Can diffuse freely across the membrane

A theory that mitochondria and chloroplasts originated from bacteria that took up residence within a primordial eukaryotic cell.

1. Have own DNA

A measurement of how much solute exists within a certain volume of solvent

The physical property predicting the direction in which water will flow, governed by solute concentration and applied pressure.