Studied by 0 peopleHow did new inventions and innovations encourage industrial growth?
new inventions made life easier (ex. automobile made transportation easier) and the creation of new inventions led to economic opportunities for people to get extremely rich which leads to new industry job opportunities
How did industrial leaders amass and wield power?
laissez-faire government, Social Darwinism, high demand for jobs so people could easily get fired and replaced
What was the role of the federal government in encouraging growth and regulating the practices of big business?
There was a laissez-faire government (hands off). The government believed that individuals should compete freely in the market place to increase the economy. The government didn't regulate anything the big business' did.
What were the various governmental and social reactions to the influx of immigrants?
Good: settlement houses, ellis/angel island
Bad: nativism/american party, poor working and living conditions
To what extent did immigrants retain their traditions, assimilate and transform American culture itself
traditions and food from other countries were brought to America and was embraced and transformed into American culture. However immigrants lived together in groups (ex Little Italy) which helped maintain their traditions and culture in the new country
Why was the period of the late 1800s nicknamed the "Gilded Age" and the "Era of Good Stealings"?
Gilded Age: everything looked good on the outside (country was growing in wealth/power) but there was a lot of corruption internally within the US
Era of Good Stealings: big businesses were getting very rich and was stealing money from workers by giving workers low wages for the work they are doing to help the boss make big money
What factors led to the development and reform of political machines and the spoils system?
political machines: laissez-faire government (development) exposing the corruption of Boss Tweed (reform)
spoil system: gain support for elections (development) assassination of Garfield (reform)
Why did meaningful reform prove difficult to accomplish during the Gilded Age
labor groups weren't united, federal government was against the labor unions and used military to stop labor movements because they supported the big businesses
How did new cultural and intellectual movements both buttress and challenge the social order of the Gilded Age
-buttress: laissez-faire government
-challenge: labor unions (strikes)
How successful were labor unions in improving the lives of workers in the late 1800s and early 1900s?
Late 1800s labor unions advocated for change but nothing resulted from that because the government didn't support the labor unions and supported the big businesses but in the early 1900s the federal government started to support the labor unions instead of the big businesses leading to improved rights for workers
How did states and federal government respond to the labor movement?
Initially they didn't like labor movement and tried to stop it but eventually they support it.
What factors contributed to the rise of farmers' movement?
over farming, couldn't pay back banks from loans to buy new tools, high cost of transportation (railroads), tariffs that hurt agriculture, debt
To what extent did the Populist movement achieve its goals?
tighter regulation of tariffs, direct election of Senators via voting
How did the excesses of the Gilded Age contribute to the development of the Progressive Movement?
The government supported the big businesses by creating tariffs to support them that ended up hurting farmers and there was no federal regulation of the railroads allowing railroad company to make transportation of products to sell very expensive for poor farmers which will lead to the progressive movement of breaking up big monopolies
How did the Progressive movement achieve political, economic, social, and environmental reform?
-federal regulation of businesses (allowing big business not to be as powerful)
established better working conditions/wages for laborers
economically grew from business success/industrial production
established national parks to conserve natural land
How did the Progressive movement affect national electoral politics?
It split the Republican party in the election of 1912 because Taft was Republican while Roosevelt was Progressive Republican causing the Republicans to lose the election to Democratic Wilson
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