AP Psych Unit 5 Cognitive Psychology Part 2

sift change and lose most of it

an inability to for new memories but can recall the past

inability to retrieve information from the past

automatic process ability and can form new implicit memories but has no conscious awareness/memory of them

results from inability to encode everything

younger adults have high encoding efficiency than older adults

after encoding we still can forget (physical trace decayed)

we forget fast at first but then it levels off

we can’t retrieve what we have encoded and stored

occurs from interference or motivated forgetting

forgetting information beyond reach

suggests that memories can interfere with each other causing information to be forgotten, 2 types

forward acting disruptive effect if older learning getting in the way of new information

You drive to the old pizza location instead of the new

(the new is getting interfered by the old)

backward acting disruptive effect of newer learning getting in the way of recalling old information

forgetting your old email password because you use a new one

(the old is getting interfered by the new)

previous learning information help learning of new information such as learning a new language

basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety arousing thoughts, feelings, and memories

part of Freud’s psychoanalytic theory

a process in which previously stored memories when retrieved are potentially altered before being stored again

of many changes

a memory researcher who showed reconsolidation through having people pick a face that matched a previously seen one and found out words can change people’s memories

occurs when misleading information has disturbed one’s memory of an event and can effects our attitudes/behaviors

more likely it is thought to be real and become a memory

faulty memory for how when or where information was learned/imagined

memory construction

heart of false memories

it forces us to make sense of the deja vu/eerie feeling

the eerie sense that “I have experienced this before” cues from current situation may unconsciously trigger retrieval of an earlier experience

temporal lobe processing, experiencing familiarity, before hippocampus/frontal lobe processing, remembering it

are childhood memories of sexual abuse repressed and can they be recovered in therapy

misinformation effect and struggle to determine real vs fake

questions are worded with neutral and understandable words, no adults talked with them prior, and no suggestive techniques are used

rehearse repeatedly, maker material meaningful, activate retrieval cues, use mnemonic devices, minimize proactive/retroactive interference, sleep more, test knowledge to find weak spots

all mental activities associated thinking, knowing, remembering, and communication

mental grouping of similar objects, events, ideas, and peoples

with little cognitive effort

a mental image or best example of a category

this differs from people and is experienced based

we recognize it as an example of the concept

if behavior is not typical we fail to see prejudice black vs white or male vs female

a set of rules that is defined by a set of rules

a concept formed through everyday experiences

does not always make us wise

a mental framework that help organize information based on experiences

a personal view on how an event will be played out based on experience

a mental representation of a situation, event, or object based on experience

a mental representation of an environment

the ability to produce new and valuable ideas

narrowing the available problem solutions to determine single best solution

like multiple choice questions

expanding the number of possible problem solutions creative thinking that diverges into different directions

Expertise - well developed knowledge allows more combinations to be creative

Imaginative Thinking Skills - to see things in new ways and recognize patterns

Venturous Personality - seeks new experiences, risks, ambiguity, perseverance, determination

Intrinsic Motivation - driven by interest and satisfaction

Creative Environment - a place that supports creative ideas, no distractions, allows time to think