Science FINAL vocab

discovered that in addition to protons, the nucleus also contains neutrons.

a substance combines with oxygen and releases energy (thermal or light) Creates Fire.

most of an atoms mass and positive charge is concentrated in a small area in the center called the nucleus.

Increases ________ because there are more particles to collide with each other.

________ can be solid or gasses.

Produces a(n) ________ when dissolved in water.

________ is an example of a solid.

________- cathode rays (made of electrons) are negatively charged, used positively and negatively charged plates.

Produces a(n) ________ when dissolved in water.

________ are in the middle of the metals and the nonmetals.

________: In the nucleus with the protons; neutral.

________: you have the same chemical thingamabobbers.

________ occur faster if the particles collide more often or if the particles are moving faster when they collide.

________- atoms can not be created or destroyed, atoms combine in specific ratios.

________- different types of matter are made from different atoms.

________ have a lot of polarity and the ability to form hydrogen bonds.

________: surrounds the atom.

Concentrated: more solute per ________.

________ categorized in rows by atomic mass (Mendeleev)- used repeating chemical /physical properties to make columns.

Increased ________ increases the rate of a reaction because more particles on the surface of the solid come in contact with the particles of another substance.

Electrons: In the ________;- 1 charge.

different types of matter are made from different atoms

atoms cannot be created or destroyed, atoms combine in specific ratios

cathode rays (made of electrons) are negatively charged, used positively and negatively charged plates

most of an atoms mass and positive charge is concentrated in a small area in the center called the nucleus

discovered that in addition to protons, the nucleus also contains neutrons

said that the neutrons and protons are in orbits (found out later that they were not)

electron cloud

rutherford

Thomson

Chadwick

Nucleus

Electron Cloud

protons

neutrons

electron

Alkali metals

Alkaline earth metals

Transition metals

Halogens

Noble Gasses

hydrogen

non-metal and Metal

non metal and nonmetal

metal and metal

you end up with something different

you have the same chemical thingamabobbers

2 reactants and 1 product (2 or more substances combine and form 1 compound)

1 reactant and 2 products (1 compound breaks down and forms 2 or more compounds)

1 element replaces another in a compound

ions in 2 compounds switch places (forms 2 new compounds)

a substance combines with oxygen and releases energy (thermal or light) Creates Fire

absorb thermal energy (more energy is needed to break the bonds than is produced by breaking the bonds) (decomposition reactions) (feels Cold)

release thermal energy (less energy is needed to break the bonds than is produced by breaking the bonds) (synthesis reactions)

less solute per unit of solvent

more solute per unit of solvent

red

blue

A disturbance that transfers energy from place to place without transferring matter

A wave that can travel only through matter

A material in which a wave travels

a wave in which the disturbance is perpendicular to the direction the wave travels

The highest point of a transverse wave

The lowest point of a transverse wave

makes the particles in a medium move parallel to the direction that the wave travels

The regions of a longitudinal wave where the particles in the medium are CLOSEST together

The regions of a longitudinal wave where the particles of the medium are FARTHEST apart

A wave that can travel through empty space and through matter

The maximum distance that the wave moves from its rest position

The distance from one point on a wave to the same point on the next wave

Number of wavelengths that pass by a point each second

The transfer of energy by a wave to the medium through which it travels

The passage of light through an object

The bouncing of a wave off a surface

When a wave is reflected from a surface, the angle of reflection is equal to the angle of incidence

The change in direction of a wave that occurs as the wave changes speed when moving from one medium to another

The change in direction of a wave when it travels by the edge of an object or through an opening

Occurs when two or more waves overlap and combine together

any substance that can flow and take the shape of the container that holds it

the amount of force per unit area applied to an object's surface

an upward force applied by a fluid on an object in the fluid

the ratio of the weight of all the air above you to your surface area

the weight of the fluid that an object displaces is equal to the buoyant force acting on the object

when pressure is applied to a fluid in a closed container, the pressure increases by the same amount everywhere in the container

the pressure of a fluid decreases when the speed of the fluid increases

a force opposes the motion of an object through a fluid

If you decrease the volume of a container (but keep the temperature the same), the pressure in the container will increase (PiVi=PfVf)

the volume of a gas increases when the temperature increases (Vi/Ti=Vf/Tf)

a wave that can travel through empty space and matter

energy carried by an electromagnetic wave

the entire range of electromagnetic waves with different wavelengths and frequencies

a low frequency, low energy electromagnetic that has a wavelength longer than about 30 cm

is a low frequency, low energy electromagnetic wave that has a wavelength between about 1 mm and 30 cm

an electromagnetic wave that has a wavelength shorter than a microwave but longer than light

an electromagnetic wave that has a slightly shorter wavelength and frequency than light and carries energy to cause chemical reactions

a high energy electromagnetic wave that has a slightly shorter wavelength and higher frequency than an ultraviolet wave

a high energy electromagnetic wave with a shorter wavelength and higher frequency than all other types of electromagnetic wave

A push or pull exerted on an object

a push or pull on one object by another that is touching it

a force that one object can apply to another object without touching it