ap lang final sem 2- (topics and grammar- no vocab)

Single independent clause (Neither Coordination nor Subordination!)

Two or more independent clauses connected with a comma, coordinating conjunction, or semicolon (Coordination!)

One independent clause and one dependent (subordinating) clause (Subordination!)

Two or more independent clauses and one or more dependent (subordinating) clause (Both Coordination and Subordination!)

Links two ideas of equal importance (Compound sentences)

Highlights the importance of one idea over another (Complex sentences)

MUST state your claim and answer the prompt

Provide audience with the necessary context to grasp the problem or issue the essay is addressing.

Claim, evidence, commentary, connection

Move the reader’s attention from what you argued to “so what?” or “why this argument matters.”

Explains how your evidence supports the main idea and thesis

Looking for limits and tensions of an argument.

Recognition of a valid opposing viewpoint

The situation that motivated the writer to take a stand or have an opinion.

Speaker

Occasion

Audience

Purpose

Subject

(Tone)

Sentence without a subject

Two independent clauses incorrectly punctuated or without punctuation (can be fixed with a ;FANBOYS or subordinating or coordinating conjunction)

Writer uses unequal grammatical structures to express related ideas (look for lists, comparison words, correlative conjunctions)

Modifiers that are placed too far from the word they are supposed to modify (look like they are describing something else in the sentence (usually something that does not make sense))

Modifiers that seem to modify the wrong word or no word at all because the word it should modify was omitted from the sentence

Verbs must agree in number with subjects (Note: subject is considered singular when “each…and…” or “every…and…”)

All

Any

Some

None

More

Most

Much

Many

Few

Several

Both

Others

Pronoun and Antecedent must agree in both number and gender (Note: no need to determine gender if plural)

I, he, she, we, they, you, it, who

When a subject or predicate nominative

me, him, her, us, them, you, it, whom

When a direct or indirect object, or when the object of a preposition

my, mine, her(s), his, our(s), their(s), your(s), its, whose

To show possession (NOTE: they do NOT have an apostrophe!)

Who is the subject and is always followed by the verb (can be replaced with he/she)

Whom is the object of a sentence (can be replaces with him/her)

Implied words after than or as