Myers Unit 1: Psychology's History and Approaces

(def) The idea that knowledge comes from experience, and that observation and experimentation enable scientific knowledge

(def)-founder of child psychology and evolutionary psychology

(def)An early school of thought promoted by Wundt and Titchener ; used introspection to reveal the structure of the human mind

the examination or observation of one's own mental and emotional processes.

(def)An early school of thought promoted by James and influenced by Darwin; explored how mental and behavioral processes function-how they enable the organism to adapt, survive, flourism

(scenario)managers and leaders understand how various parts of the organization interact and contribute to its success. By analyzing how each department fulfills its specific functions and how these functions are interconnected, organizations can make improvements, optimize their operations, and adapt to changing circumstances effectively.

(def)-psychologist and philosopher

a functionalist

(def)Self psychologist

First president of the American Psychological Association

(Def) the scientific study of behavior, motives, or cognition in a laboratory or other controlled setting in order to predict, explain, or influence behavior or other psychological phenomena.

(scenario)eating a big breakfast to see if it makes us feel more awake and ready for school.

(def)-first woman with a phd

-studied animal behavior and argued that animals' mental states should be studied alongside their behavior.

(def)Founder of psychoanalysis →-neurologist

(def)The view that psychology (1) should objective science that (2) studies behavior without reference to mental processes. Most psycholigsts agree with (1) but not (2)

(scenario)When training an animal you may use this psychological theory to focus on observable behaviors, how they are learned through enviornmental stimuli, and their responses, to achieve the best resule

(def)A historically significant perspective that emphasized human growth potential

(scenario)Therapists and counselors emphasize personal growth, self acceptance, and the importance of fulling one needs for love

(def)A behaviorist

(def)A behaviorist

(def)-a humanistic psychologist

(def) Interdisciplinary study of the brain activity linked with cognition (studies brain activity underlying mental activity). Perception, thinking, memory, language

(scenario) Make a decision that results in a reward, activity level of dopamine neurons increases.

(def) Science of behavior and mental processes (behavior⇒anything organism DOES) (mental⇒internal, subjective experience inferred from behavior)

(def)The relative contribution experiences or genes play towards your development of psych traits/behaviorisms

(scenario)Do boys like the color blue because they've been raised that way or do men have an innate drawn to the color blue

(def)behaviorist

(def)-Swiss psychologist

(def)The principle that inherited traits that better enable an organism to survive and reproduce in a particular environment will (in competition with other variation traits) most likely be passed o to seceeding generations

(scenario)Beak characteristics of the finches were shaped by (this term). In environments where certain types of food were prevalent, finches with beaks better suited to exploiting those food sources had a survival advantage.

(def)evolutionary psychology

Natural selection, experimented with finches in the Galápagos Islands

(def)The Levels of Analysis, often abbreviated to LOA, are the various ways of observation in psychology. The three main LOAs are biological, cognitive, and sociocultural.

(def)An integrated approach that incorporates biological, psychological, and social-cultural viewpoints

(scenario)Imagine a patient who is experiencing chronic pain, such as lower back pain that has persisted for several months. To effectively address this issue, healthcare providers consider biological factors Ex: medical history, psychological factors ex: pain perception, and social factors Ex: lifestyle.

(def) Scientific study of observable behavior and its explanation by principles of learning

Simpler: Focuses on observable behavior and how they're shaped by experiences/consequences. Finding what triggers behavior

(scenario) A 5 year old places their hand on a hot stove and gets burned, going forward the child does not touch the stove top because the past experience showed it was harmful

(observable behavior + consequences)

(def) Scientific study of links between biological (genetic/hormonal) and psychological processes.

(scenario) Studying how the sensation of burning his hand traveled from his hand to his brain via pain messages.

(def)Study of mental processes used to store, encode, process, and retrieve info Basically everything that CONSCIOUSLY happens in the brain

(scenario)Scientist treating memory loss

(perceive, remember, learn, think, communicate).

(def)Study of the evolution of behavior and mind using principles of natural selection.

(scenario) Jealousy is a natural instinct of human emotions and maybe our ancestors used it as a way to keep other suitors away from their mates in order to reproduce.

(def)Study of how behavior is caused by unconscious drives/conflicts (can happen at anypoint, NOT just childhood.)

(scenario)Someone in their 40s nearly drowned/saw someone drowned then developed an unconscious fear of water.

(def)The study of how situations and cultures affect our behavior and thinking

(scenario)Conformity is a classic topic in this form of psychology that explores how people adjust their behavior or beliefs to align with those of a larger group, society, or culture. It highlights how social norms, group pressure, and cultural expectations can impact individual decisions and actions.

(def)The scientific study of the measurement of human abilities, attitudes, and traits

(scenario)In a job application process an employer may apply personality tests, cognitive ability test, rle play scenarios, etc.

(def)Pure science that aims to increase the scientific knowledge baase

(scenario)In studying fruit flies the goal is to gain a deeper understanding of the behavior of fruit flies. While this research may not have an immediate practical application, it adds to our fundamental knowledge of the species, which can be useful for broader studies in genetics, ecology, or evolutionary biology.

(def)A branch of psychology thtstudis physical , cognitive, and social change throughout a lifespan

(scenario)Infant development may be studied in this form of psychology

(def)The study of how psychological processes affect and can enhance teaching and learning

(scenario)Needs assessments, teacher training, and behavior management might be studied in this form of psychology

(def)The study of individuals' characteristics patterns that impair social functioning

(scenario)In applying this study, you may take a test to better understand your personality

(def)The scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another

(scenario)This form of psychology might aim to address issues related to prejudice, discrimination, and diversity

(def)Scientific study that aims to solv practical problems

(scenario)Developing a new medical treatment for diabetes you usethir form of research with the intention of directly benefiting people with diabetes. You experiment with treatment, test the treatment, monitor the treatment, etc.

(def)The application of psychology concepts and methods to optimizing human behavior in workplaces

(scenario)This form of psychology is often applied in the context of employee selection and assessment, where organizations seek to hire and promote individuals who are the best fit for specific job roles.

(def)A field of psychology allied with I/O psychology that explores how people and machines interact and how machines and physical environments can be made safe and easy to use

(scenario)human factors psychologists might do research on a particular product that is used in a workplace, such as a screen interface used by workers at an electrical plant or healthcare professionals in a hospital.

(def)A branch of psychology that assists people with problems in living (often related to school, work, or marriage) and in achieving greater well-being

(scenario)This branch of psychology often associated with therapy

(def)A branch of psychology that studies, assesses, and treats people with psychological disorders

(scenario)cognitive therapy, behavior therapy, developmental therapy, and psychoanalytic therapy.

(def)-cognitive psychologist

(def)A branch of medicine dealing with psychological disorders ; practiced by physicians who are licensed to provide medical treatments as well as psychological therapy

(scenario)Suppose a pharmaceutical company has developed a new antidepressant medication, and they want to determine its safety and efficacy in treating individuals with depression.

These principles are applied to assess the effectiveness and safety of a new antidepressant medication through a series of clinical trials.

(def)The scientific study of human flourishing with the goals of discovering strengths and virtues that help individuals and communities to thrive

(scenario)These principles can be applied in the workplace, field of education, etc. to promote employee/student/etc. well-being and engagement:

(def)A branch of psychology that studies how people interact with their social enviornments and how social institutions affect individuals and groups

(scenario)This branch of psychology is applied to address the mental health needs of a community facing multiple challenges

(def)Enhanced memory after retrieving, rather han simply rereading information

(scenario)After testing yourself to prepare for an assessment student are more likely to retain the information as opposed to just rereading their notes.

a study method incorporating five steps: Survey, Question, Read, Retrieve, Review

father of experimental psychology

His theory of structuralism utilizes introspection, or looking inward, to analyze mental experiences of human beings and break down consciousness to the most basic elements.