Chapter 11: Impact of Computing

which was originally designed for scientists to share their research.

________ is another layer that is increasingly used.

Anything a person creates, including any ________ created with a computer, is the intellectual property of that person.

________ block those trying to gain unauthorized access.

which can be helpful for businesses and consumers when looking for a specific item.

Computer viruses are like ________.

which has been used to stream events across the globe, sometimes helps to change history.

is an education model that would not be possible without the tools of communication available via the Internet.

anyone who accesses the site-for feedback, to help solve problems, find employment, or for funding

help find patterns and identify insights in data, leading to new innovations.

try to identify potential negative uses, but it is seldom possible to think of all the ways other people could use an innovation.

offers new ways for people to communicate, making collaboration easier and more efficient.

includes access to information, knowledge, markets, and different cultures.

which is intentional or unintentional prejudice for or against certain groups of people, shows up in computing innovations too.

programs are used more and more in ways such as screening applications of job candidates, determining if a person merits credit to purchase a house, and locating what areas have more crime.

allows people to share information and ask the “crowd”— anyone who accesses the site—for feedback, to help solve problems, find employment, or for funding.

exist that are used to illegally share files of all types.

provides a way for creators of software, images, music, videos, and any computational artifact to share their creations with stipulations for sharing and permission from the author clearly indicated.

is easy to find, copy, and paste, so ensuring you have written permission from the creator or owner is important.

is software that is freely shared, updated, and supported by anyone who wants to do so.

The sharing of huge amounts of public data by organizations, such as the U.S. government, provides the opportunity for anyone to search for information or to help solve problems.

identify trends for marketing purposes and help businesses determine what and where customers are searching for their products and their competitors’ products, how long an item sits in a virtual shopping cart, and when people buy.

is a field of study that analyzes large datasets.

Any information that identifies you

are the trail of little pieces of data we leave behind as a sign of our presence as we go through our daily lives.

has a global impact because now anyone from anywhere can attempt to gain unauthorized entry to someone else’s computer, data, servers, or network.

help block those trying to gain unauthorized access.

is another layer that is increasingly used.

create e-mail and/or websites that look a legitimate hoping to induce a person to click on the malicious link.

is a form of malware that captures every keystroke and transmits it to whomever planted it.

is the writing of secret codes.

is converting a message to a coded format.

Deciphering the encrypted message is called

uses open standards, meaning the algorithms used are published and available to everyone and are discussed by experts and interested parties and known by all.