Studied by 108 peoplerenal system expected test results, hormones & processes involved, etc.
isotonic control: normal hydration & gatorade solution
what happens to... ~ volume gain? ~ plasma volume? ~ blood pressure? ~ plasma osmolarity?
volume gain RESTRICTED to ECF
INCREASES plasma volume AND blood pressure
no change in plasma osmolarity (since intake was isotonic)
volume test: normal hydration & gatorade solution
increase/decrease? ~ why?
volume will INCREASE b/c of ANP & pressure natriuresis & diuresis
pH test: normal hydration & gatorade solution
change or no change?
no change
specific gravity test: normal hydration & gatorade solution
change or no change? ~ why?
should not change since intake was isotonic
[Cl-] ([Na+]) test: normal hydration & gatorade solution
increase/decrease? ~ why?
possibly will INCREASE if pressure is high enough
ADH : normal hydration & gatorade solution
change or no change? ~ why?
no change in secretion b/c no change in plasma osmolarity
Aldosterone: normal hydration & gatorade solution
change or no change? ~ why?
no change in secretion b/c of increased ECF volume
ANP : normal hydration & gatorade solution
what happens to... ~ plasma volume? ~ pressure? ~ why? ~ results of urine volume? ~ results of Na+ excretion?
INCREASED plasma volume AND pressure
causes stretching of atrial wall & subsequent release of ANP
results in INCREASED urine volume AND Na+ excretion
pressure natriuresis & diuresis: normal hydration & gatorade solution
what happens to... ~ blood pressure? ~ why?
INCREASED ECF --> INCREASED blood pressure
stimulates natriuresis & diuresis
water control: normal hydration & pure water
what happens to... ~ plasma volume? ~ blood pressure? ~ plasma osmolarity?
where does pure water enter?
pure water enters BOTH ECF & ICF
plasma volume & blood pressure LESS than isotonic control
INCREASED blood pressure (less than isotonic control)
DECREASED plasma osmolarity
volume test : normal hydration & pure water
increase/decrease? ~ why?
volume will INCREASE b/c of ANP & pressure natriuresis & diuresis
pH test: normal hydration & pure water
change or no change?
no change
specific gravity test: normal hydration & pure water
increase or decrease? ~ why?
should DECREASE b/c intake was only water
fewer solutes in urine
[Cl-] ([Na+]) test: normal hydration & pure water
increase or decrease? ~ why?
may INCREASE due to ANP
ADH : normal hydration & pure water
what happens to... ~ secretion? ~ why?
DECREASED secretion
b/c of INCREASED plasma volume & DECREASED osmolarity
Aldosterone : normal hydration & pure water
what happens to... ~ plasma osmolarity? ~ why?
DECREASED plasma osmolarity
causes release of aldosterone ; helps Na+ retention
ANP : normal hydration & pure water
what happens to... ~ plasma volume? ~ pressure? ~ why?
LESS INCREASE in plasma volume & pressure than isotonic control
less of a stretch in cardiac wall ; may be some release
pressure natriuresis & diuresis: normal hydration & pure water
what happens to... ~ plasma volume? ~ pressure? ~ results in?
INCREASED plasma volume AND pressure
results in INCREASE in urine production
overhydrated: BEFORE DRINKING
what happens to... ~ plasma volume? ~ plasma osmolarity? ~ urine concentration? ~ urine volume?
HIGH plasma volume
LOW plasma osmolarity
LOW urine concentration
INCREASED urine volume
overhydrated: AFTER DRINKING
what happens??
situation is reinforced
volume test: overhydrated
increase or decrease? ~ why?
volume will INCREASE b/c of ANP & pressure natriuresis & diuresis
pH test: overhydrated
change or no change (increase/decrease)? ~ why?
MAY INCREASE
ANP causes decreases Na+ reabsorption/H+ secretion into urine
specific gravity test: overhydrated
what happens to... ~ concentration? ~ specific gravity? ~ why?
concentration & specific gravity should DECREASE further
b/c less solutes in urine & intake is just water
[Cl-] ([Na+]) test: overhydrated
what happens to... ~ Na+ ?? ~ why? (hint: fluid intake)
Na+ should DECREASE
fluid intake is HYPOTONIC (pure water)
ADH : overhydrated
what happens to... ~ secretion (increase/decrease)? ~ why?
secretion DECREASES
b/c INCREASED plasma volume & DECREASED osmolarity
Aldosterone : overhydrated
increase/decrease? ~ why?
does NOT increase
plasma volume already INCREASED
ANP : overhydrated
secretion or no secretion? ~ why?
ANP is secreted
b/c plasma volume & pressure is INCREASED
pressure natriuresis & diuresis : overhydrated
results in?
the major response
results in INCREASED urine excretion
dehydrated: BEFORE DRINKING
what happens to... ~ plasma volume? ~ plasma osmolarity? ~ urine volume? ~ urine concentration
LOW plasma volume
HIGH plasma osmolarity
DECREASED urine volume
concentrated urine
volume test : dehydrated
increase or decrease??? ~ why?
may NOT increase
b/c volunteer already dehydrated
pH test: dehydrated
change or no change?
no change
specific gravity test: dehydrated
starting level? why? ~ anything else that happens?
should be HIGH at first b/c of concentrated urine
MIGHT DECREASE slightly from initial value
most likely remain above normal
[Cl-] ([Na+]) test: dehydrated
intake... ?
what happens to... ~ Na+ ?
intake is HYPOTONIC ; but volunteer already dehydrated
Na+ probably remains elevated over normal values ; DECREASE from initial values
ADH : dehydrated
what happens to ... ~ secretion? ~ why?
INCREASED SECRETION
b/c of DECREASED plasma volume & INCREASED osmolarity
Aldosterone: dehydrated
what happens to... ~ plasma volume? ~ osmolarity? ~ which leads to??? ~ secretion or no secretion? ~ followed by??
LOW plasma volume & INCREASED osmolarity --> LOW blood pressure
Aldosterone is secreted
followed by INCREASED Na+ AND water retention
ANP : dehydrated
any effect? ~ why?
no effect
b/c plasma volume is DECREASED
pressure natriuresis & diuresis : dehydrated
any effect? ~ why?
no effect
b/c plasma volume is DECREASED
Note
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