bio66 lab chapter 12 lab results

isotonic control: normal hydration & gatorade solution - what happens to... ~ volume gain? ~ plasma volume? ~ blood pressure? ~ plasma osmolarity?

- volume gain RESTRICTED to ECF - INCREASES plasma volume AND blood pressure - no change in plasma osmolarity (since intake was isotonic)

volume test: normal hydration & gatorade solution - increase/decrease? ~ why?

- volume will INCREASE b/c of ANP & pressure natriuresis & diuresis

pH test: normal hydration & gatorade solution - change or no change?

- no change

specific gravity test: normal hydration & gatorade solution - change or no change? ~ why?

- should not change since intake was isotonic

[Cl-] ([Na+]) test: normal hydration & gatorade solution - increase/decrease? ~ why?

- possibly will INCREASE if pressure is high enough

ADH : normal hydration & gatorade solution - change or no change? ~ why?

- no change in secretion b/c no change in plasma osmolarity

Aldosterone: normal hydration & gatorade solution - change or no change? ~ why?

- no change in secretion b/c of increased ECF volume

ANP : normal hydration & gatorade solution - what happens to... ~ plasma volume? ~ pressure? ~ why? ~ results of urine volume? ~ results of Na+ excretion?

- INCREASED plasma volume AND pressure - causes stretching of atrial wall & subsequent release of ANP - results in INCREASED urine volume AND Na+ excretion

pressure natriuresis & diuresis: normal hydration & gatorade solution - what happens to... ~ blood pressure? ~ why?

- INCREASED ECF --> INCREASED blood pressure - stimulates natriuresis & diuresis

water control: normal hydration & pure water - what happens to... ~ plasma volume? ~ blood pressure? ~ plasma osmolarity? - where does pure water enter?

- pure water enters BOTH ECF & ICF - plasma volume & blood pressure LESS than isotonic control - INCREASED blood pressure (less than isotonic control) - DECREASED plasma osmolarity

volume test : normal hydration & pure water - increase/decrease? ~ why?

- volume will INCREASE b/c of ANP & pressure natriuresis & diuresis

pH test: normal hydration & pure water - change or no change?

- no change

specific gravity test: normal hydration & pure water - increase or decrease? ~ why?

- should DECREASE b/c intake was only water - fewer solutes in urine

[Cl-] ([Na+]) test: normal hydration & pure water - increase or decrease? ~ why?

- may INCREASE due to ANP

ADH : normal hydration & pure water - what happens to... ~ secretion? ~ why?

- DECREASED secretion - b/c of INCREASED plasma volume & DECREASED osmolarity

Aldosterone : normal hydration & pure water - what happens to... ~ plasma osmolarity? ~ why?

- DECREASED plasma osmolarity - causes release of aldosterone ; helps Na+ retention

ANP : normal hydration & pure water - what happens to... ~ plasma volume? ~ pressure? ~ why?

- LESS INCREASE in plasma volume & pressure than isotonic control - less of a stretch in cardiac wall ; may be some release

pressure natriuresis & diuresis: normal hydration & pure water - what happens to... ~ plasma volume? ~ pressure? ~ results in?

- INCREASED plasma volume AND pressure - results in INCREASE in urine production

overhydrated: BEFORE DRINKING - what happens to... ~ plasma volume? ~ plasma osmolarity? ~ urine concentration? ~ urine volume?

- HIGH plasma volume - LOW plasma osmolarity - LOW urine concentration - INCREASED urine volume

overhydrated: AFTER DRINKING - what happens??

- situation is reinforced

volume test: overhydrated - increase or decrease? ~ why?

- volume will INCREASE b/c of ANP & pressure natriuresis & diuresis

pH test: overhydrated - change or no change (increase/decrease)? ~ why?

- MAY INCREASE - ANP causes decreases Na+ reabsorption/H+ secretion into urine

specific gravity test: overhydrated - what happens to... ~ concentration? ~ specific gravity? ~ why?

- concentration & specific gravity should DECREASE further - b/c less solutes in urine & intake is just water

[Cl-] ([Na+]) test: overhydrated - what happens to... ~ Na+ ?? ~ why? (hint: fluid intake)

- Na+ should DECREASE - fluid intake is HYPOTONIC (pure water)

ADH : overhydrated - what happens to... ~ secretion (increase/decrease)? ~ why?

- secretion DECREASES - b/c INCREASED plasma volume & DECREASED osmolarity

Aldosterone : overhydrated - increase/decrease? ~ why?

- does NOT increase - plasma volume already INCREASED

ANP : overhydrated - secretion or no secretion? ~ why?

- ANP is secreted - b/c plasma volume & pressure is INCREASED

pressure natriuresis & diuresis : overhydrated - results in?

- the major response - results in INCREASED urine excretion

dehydrated: BEFORE DRINKING - what happens to... ~ plasma volume? ~ plasma osmolarity? ~ urine volume? ~ urine concentration

- LOW plasma volume - HIGH plasma osmolarity - DECREASED urine volume - concentrated urine

volume test : dehydrated - increase or decrease??? ~ why?

- may NOT increase - b/c volunteer already dehydrated

pH test: dehydrated - change or no change?

- no change

specific gravity test: dehydrated - starting level? why? ~ anything else that happens?

- should be HIGH at first b/c of concentrated urine - MIGHT DECREASE slightly from initial value - most likely remain above normal

[Cl-] ([Na+]) test: dehydrated - intake... ? - what happens to... ~ Na+ ?

- intake is HYPOTONIC ; but volunteer already dehydrated - Na+ probably remains elevated over normal values ; DECREASE from initial values

ADH : dehydrated - what happens to ... ~ secretion? ~ why?

- INCREASED SECRETION - b/c of DECREASED plasma volume & INCREASED osmolarity

Aldosterone: dehydrated - what happens to... ~ plasma volume? ~ osmolarity? ~ which leads to??? ~ secretion or no secretion? ~ followed by??

- LOW plasma volume & INCREASED osmolarity --> LOW blood pressure - Aldosterone is secreted - followed by INCREASED Na+ AND water retention

ANP : dehydrated - any effect? ~ why?

- no effect - b/c plasma volume is DECREASED

pressure natriuresis & diuresis : dehydrated - any effect? ~ why?

- no effect - b/c plasma volume is DECREASED