Human Anatomy and Physiology Chapter 1

toward the head end or upper part of a structure or the body; above

away from the head end or toward the lower part of a structure or the body; below

toward or at the front of the body; in front of

Toward or at the back of the body; behind

toward or at the midline of the body; on the inner side of

away from the midline of the body; on the outer side of

between a more medial and a more lateral structure

closer to the origin of the body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk

farther from the origin of a body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk

toward or at the body surface

away from the body surface; more internal

erect, feet forward, arms at side with palms facing forward, head facing forward, internationally know

allow us to explain where one body structure is in relation to another

fundamental division of our body. Makes up the main axis of our body, includes the head, neck, and trunk.

fundamental division of our body. relating to the limbs and their attachments to the axis.

used to designate specific areas within major body divisions

pertaining to the anterior body trunk region inferior to the ribs

pertaining to the point of the shoulder

pertaining to the forearm

pertaining to the anterior surface of the elbow

pertaining to the armpit

pertaining to the arm

pertaining to the cheek

Pertaining to the wrist

pertaining to the head

pertaining to the neck region

pertaining to the hip

pertaining to the leg

pertaining to the fingers or toes

pertaining to the thigh

pertaining to the side of the leg

pertaining to the forehead

pertaining to the great toe

pertaining to the groin

pertaining to the breast

pertaining to the hand

pertaining to the chin

pertaining to the nose

pertaining to the mouth

pertaining to the eye socket (orbit)

pertaining to the palm of the hand

pertaining to the anterior knee (kneecap) region

pertaining to the foot

pertaining to the pelvis region

pertaining to the thumb

pertaining to the genital region

pertaining to the region of the breastbone

pertaining to the ankle

pertaining to the chest

pertaining to the navel

pertaining to the point of the shoulder

pertaining to the heel of the foot

pertaining to the back

pertaining to the buttocks or rump

pertaining to the area of the back between the ribs and hips; the loin

Back of the head

pertaining to the ear

pertaining to the region between the anus and external genitalia

pertaining to the sole of the foot

pertaining to the back of the knee

pertaining to the region between the hips (overlying the sacrum)

pertaining to the scapula or shoulder blade area

pertaining to the calf or posterior surface of the leg

pertaining to the area of the spinal column

a vertical plane that divides the body into right and left parts

sagittal plane that lies exactly in the midline

all other sagittal planes offset from the midline

like sagittal plane lie vertically, divide body into anterior and posterior parts

runs horizontally from right to left, dividing the body into superior and inferior parts. (Transverse is perpendicular to long axis of an organ, horizontal is from front to back)

cuts made diagonally between the horizontal and the vertical planes

protects the fragile nervous system organs, has 2 subdivisions

in the skull, encases the brain

runs within the bony vertebral column, encloses the delicate spinal cord

the more anterior and larger of the closed body cavities, has 2 major subdivisions, houses internal organs called Viscera

surrounded by the ribs and muscles of the chest

lateral subdivision of Thoracic Cavity, enveloping a lung, and the Medial Mediastinum

contains the pericardial cavity

encloses the heart and also surrounds the the remaining thoracic organs (esophagus, trachea, and others)

seperated from thoracic cavity by the diaphram, a dome shaped muscle important in breathing. Has abdominal and pelvic cavities

Contains stomach, intestines, spleen, and liver, and other organs

Contains urinary bladder, reproductive organs, and rectum

the walls of the ventral body cavity and the outer surfaces of the organs it contains are covered by this thin double layered membrane

lines internal body walls

covers the internal organs

Divisions used primarily by medical personnel

Nine divisions used primarily by anatomists

The centermost region, which includes the umbilicus

LOcater superior to the umbilical region

located lateral to hypogastric regions, superior part of the hip bone

lie lateral to the umbilical region

Flank the epigastric region laterally

aka mouth, teeth and tongue, this cavity is part of and continuous with the cavity of the digestive organs which opens to the exterior at the anus.

located within and posterior to the nose, part of the respiratory system passageways

in the skull house the eyes and present them in an anterior position

carved into the skull lie just medial to the cardrums. contain tiny bones that transmit sound vibrations to the hearing receptors in the inner ears.

Are joint cavities, enclosed within the fibrous capsules that surround freely movable joints of the body i.e. elbow and knee joints.

Secreate a lubricating fl. tht reduces friction as the bones move acrossone another.

the study of structure of body parts and their relationship to one another

the study of function of the body - how the body parts work and carry out their life sustaining activities