Studied by 10 peopleWhat difficulties did Lord Liverpool inherit?
Worry for British farmers as foreign grain would be cheap and re-enter the British market
National debt from the French Wars
Ireland
Effects of industrialization
What weaknesses did Lord Liverpool’s gov have?
Liverpool was not in the House of Commons, no communication
Queen Caroline affair
Arguing within the cabinet, Canning + Castlereagh
What were the Corn Laws?
Passed in 1815
80 shilling price until foreign trade
Colonial wheat allowed in at 67 shillings
Corn dealers could store grain in warehouses until the price was high enough
What were the effects of the Corn Laws?
Artificially inflated the price for the poor, less spending in economy overall
Farmers and Landowners had guarantied income
What repressive measures did Liverpool introduce?
Income Tax Repeal 1816
The Game Laws 1816
Suspension of Habeas Corpus 1817
The Six Acts 1819
What were the Income Tax Repeals 1816?
Result of pressure from MPs, said it was wartime only policy
Raised indirect taxes on candles, beer, sugar + salt to make up the lost, poor turned to poaching
What were The Game Laws 1816?
Tightened already strict poaching laws and made it landowners-only
Punishment could be 7 years transportation
Poor had to starve as they couldn’t afford food (Corn Laws)
What caused the 1817 suspension of Habeas Corpus?
Worrying attack on the Prince Regent’s coach
Spa Field Riots
What were the Six Acts 1819?
Series of repressive measures to deal with high unrest levels (Peterloo massacure)
Outlawed unofficial military training, seditious meetings, stamp duties on newspapers, magistrates special powers to search homes for weapons, sped up judicial process in court
All aimed to silence the radical population
What was the Pentrich Rebellion?
June 1917 in the East Midlands
Bacon, Brandreth, Ludlam + Turner planned to march to Nottingham to London to overthrow the government for worker’s rights
Rallied 50 people to set out, Brandreth threatened to shoot those who didn’t join
Gov. already aware due to Oliver the Spy infiltrating the march
What was the outcome of the Pentrich Rebellion?
Didn’t work, the main men fled after a confrentation
Eventually arrested with the last arrest being in August of that year
12 found not guilty, 23 convicted, 3 transported for 14 years, 11 transported for life
Brandreth, Ludlam, Turner were hung
What were the Blanketeers?
Cotton weavers wore their blankets to protest against low pay and their lack of rights
Peaceful protest from Manchester to London
Failed protest as nothing changed
Stockport authority brutally killed some of the marchers
What was the Peterloo Massacure?
August 1819
Mass meeting in St. Peter’s field of 60,000
Main Speaker “The Orator” Hunt arrested, 11 killed, 400 injured
Fight for more political rights and parliamentary reform
Overreaction of a response from yeomanry, condemning actions led to the Six/Gagging acts
What did Luddites do?
Aimed to remove machinery and minimize automation by destroying them
Concentrated in the Midlands
Occasionally attacked Factory owners
Died down, mainly because of the framebreaking act 1812
What was the Framebreaking Act 1812?
Made luddism/breaking machinery illegal
Punishment of Transportation
What was the Spa Field Riot?
1816
Aimed to achieve political rights by the Spencians Thistlewood, Dr Watson
Planned to attack a gunsmith and then take over all the British Banks
Plan failed as there was a spy for the government
What was The Cato Street Conspiracy?
1820
Aimed to kill the entire government and overthrow it due to general discontent
Thistlewood was involved, threat of bombs
Executions and Transportation for those involved
When was Liverpool’s repressive era?
1815-1821
When was Liverpool's enlightenment era?
1821-27
Why did the Tories become more “Enlightened”?
There was a cabinet reshuffle in-between August 1822 to January 1823
What was the Combinations Act Repeal?
1824
Allowed Trade Unions to form again
What was the Reciprocity of Duties Act?
1823
Allowed free entry of foreign ships into Britain on the same basis as their British counterparts
Reduced import costs
What were the Penal Code reforms?
1825-28
278 legal reforms
189 offenses had the death penalty abolished
Included Juries Regulation Act 1825
When were the Metropolitan Police introduced?
1829
Result of a crime rise in London
3000 paid officers financed by ratepayers
Many saw it as a removal of liberties
What was the Amending Act?
Only allowed Trade Unions to exist for wage disputes
What was the Truck Act?
1820
Prevents people recieving payment in other ways than wages
What was the Factory Act?
1819
Prevented children under 9 and women working underground
Regulated hours of work for anyone under 16
What were the features of Enlightened Toryism?
1821-27
Younger, more middle class outlook
Desire for government running efficiency
Free Trade
What does Enlightenment entail?
Freedom of Religion
Political Rights
Right to free expression
Free Trade
Who were considered Enlightened Tories in the cabinet reshuffle?
1821-23
Canning (Foreign Secretary replacement for Castlereigh)
Robert Peel (Home Secretary replacement for Sidmouth)
Robinson (Chancellor replacement of Vansittart)
What were the Chancellor’s budgets?
1821-27
Introduced series of far-sighted budgets that reduced indirect taxation
Reduced domestic duties and promoted free trade
When did O’Connell found the Catholic Association?
1823
What did the Catholic Association do that made it so unique?
Charged “Catholic Rent” at a penny per month
Enabled funding for campaigns
What was the County Clare election?
1828
Fitzgerald Vs O’Connell
Catholic Association convinced the people to vote for O’Connell
Won the election, raised catholic emancipation issue as he was Catholic
When was Catholic Emancipation?
Passed in 1829
Who were the main three radical personalities?
Major Cartwright
William Cobbett
Henry “Orator” Hunt
What did Major Cartwright do?
Established over 100 debating societies (Hampden clubs)
Led a colourful political existence and prominent in radical movment
What did William Cobbett do?
Radical journalist
Famous “Political Register” (Two Penny Trash) important in development of w/c development
What did Henry “orator” Hunt do?
Most recognisable spokesperson of w/c radicalism
Owned 3000 acres of land
Claim to radical fame was ability to stir up protest and feelings amongst the masses
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