health midterm PAST TESTS************

Blood cell formation is called

hematopoiesis

What bones protect the spinal cord?

vertebrae

Cube-shaped bones that contain mostly spongy bone are called ______ bones

Short

The process of bone formation is known as

ossification

bone-destroying cells known as osteoclasts are activated by the hormone;

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

The first step in bone healing involves the formation of a blood filled swelling known as a

hematoma

An incomplete bone break, known as a ____ fracture is commonly seen in children

Greenstick

The skull, vertebral column, and thoracic cage form the _____ skeleton

Axial

he shin bone is called the ____

tibia

Two or more bones meet at a location called an

articulation (joint)

Immovable joints are functionally classified as

Synarthroses

Which of the following bones is considered part of the axial skeleton?

Sternum

What type of bone cell is primarily active when bone growth occurs

Osteoblast

There are four stages in the healing of a bone fracture. Which of the following best illustrates the sequence of these stages?

Hematoma formation, Fibrocartilage callus formation, Bony callus formation, Bone remodeling

An open, or compound, fracture can be described as when_____

the broken bone is exposed to the outside

A bone fracture where the bone is broken into many fragments is a _________

comminuted fracture

The physician knew her patient was most likely a child before she walked into the examination room because the x-ray revealed a

greenstick fracture

The axial skeleton contains

Skull, True and false ribs, vertebrae

The fibrous connections between the bones of a fetal skull are

fontanels

Which of these bones is associated with the hand?

Metacarpals

The hyoid bone is unique because it

Is the only bone of the body that does not directly articulate with any other bone

Which is the correct order of ribs from superior to inferior?

True ribs, false ribs, floating ribs

The tailbone is the

coccyx

Articulations permitting only slight degrees of movement are _____ whereas articulations permitting no movement are called _____

amphiarthroses; synarthroses

The wrist bones are actually

carpals

Four of the five answers listed below are parts of the same anatomical area. select the exception

fibula

the elbow is classified as a

hinge joint

The pleura and pericardium are examples of _____ membranes that cover organs in a body cavity closed to the exterior

Serous

The _____ membrane lines the fibrous capsule surrounding joints

Synovial

The outermost layer ofthe epidermis is keratinized and known as stratum _____

corneum

The part of a hair that projects from the surface of the scalp or skin is called the

shaft

The three pigments that contribute to skin color are ____, _____, and ____.

Melanin, carotene, hemoglobin

The sebaceous and sweat glands associated with the skin are classified as ____ glands because they release secretions to the skins surface via ducts

Exocrine

Goosebumps are caused by contractions of the

arrector pili muscles

Hair color is due to a pigment known as ______

Melanin

The white crescent area located over the nail matrix is called the _____

Lunule

The layer of the serous membrane that covers an organ is known as the ______ layer

visceral

The type of gland responsible for body temperature regulation is the _______ gland.

Eccrine

Which membrane is constructed of a visceral and parietal layer?

Serous

The deepest layer of the serous membrane covering the outer surface of the heart is the _______

visceral pericardium

Synovial fluid reduces friction

In movable joints such as the knee

Which of the following is a connective tissue membrane

synovial membrane

The only dry membrane is the ____

cutaneous membrane

Where are mucous membranes found?

Lining the inside of the stomach

The skin and its derivatives (nails, glands, and hairs) form the

Integumentary system

Which of the following is a vital function of the skin?

It converts modified epidermal cholesterol to vitamin D

Although you get wet while swimming, a tough protein within the skin prevents it from soaking up moisture like a sponge. This substance is ______

Keratin

Jan got her microscope slides mixed up in the lab as they were unlabled (nah how she did that..) The slide with abundant adipose tissue should be labeled as the

subcutaneous tissue

The two main layers of skin are

epidermis and dermis

the epidermis is composed of

stratified squamous epithelium

A needle pierces through the epidermal layers of the forearm in the following order:

Stratum corneum, Stratum lucidum, Stratum granulosum, Stratum spinosum, Stratum Basale

The layer of the epidermis in which cells die because of their inability to get nutrients and oxygen is the clear layer called

stratum lucidum

a splinter penetrates to the deepest layer of the epidermis on your foot. This layer is the…

stratum basale

Which of the following kills bacteria and prevents bacterial invasions of the skin?

Sebum

Fingerprints and footprints in the epidermis are created by dermal papillae present in the

papillary layer of the dermis

In order to warm the body up when cold _____

the arrector pilli muscles contract to stand hairs upright

Hairs are found associated with the _____

axillary region

The pinkish hue of healthy individuals with fair skin is the result of the crimson color of deoxygenated hemoglobin circulating in the dermal capillaries and reflecting through the dermis (TRUE OR FALSE)

FALSE

The epidermis is made up of stratified columnar epithelium (TRUE OR FALSE)

False, it is made up of stratified squamous

Collagen and elastin fibers are common In the dermis of the skin (TRUE OR FALSE)

True

Sebaceous glands release sweat to help control body temperature (TRUE OR FALSE)

False, SWEAT GLANDS release sweat to help control body temperature

Hair is produced by the hair bulb, and is composed primarily of dead keratinized cells (TRUE OR FALSE)

True

Group of cells that are similar in both structure and function are known as _____

Tissues

Epithelial tissues have one free surface or edge known as the ______ surface.

Apical

The type of tissue consisting of cells embedded in an extracellular matrix is the ______ tissue

Connective

______ glands possess ducts that transport secretions onto epithelial surfaces

Exocrine

The cell type found in nervous tissue is the _____

neuron

This tissue is commonly called fat

adipose

______ muscle tissue has no visible striations and has spindle-shaped cells

Smooth

Many layers of flattened cells should be termed _____ epithelial tissue

Stratified squamous

The structural and functional unit of all living things is the _____

cell

Which type of tissue conducts electrochemical impulses

nervous tissue

Which of the following is NOT classified as a connective tissue?

Skeletal muscle

The tissue that is usually well vascularized and has an extensive extracellular matrix is called _____

connective tissue

Which of the following epithelial tissues is composed of many layers of cells?

Stratified squamous epithelium

Bone is best described as

osseous tissue

Glands such as the thyroid, that secrete their products directly into the blood rather than through ducts are classified as ______

endocrine

Which of these characteristics best describes cardiac muscle tissue?

Movement is involuntary and cells possess striations

The type of muscle found in the walls of hollow organs, such as the stomach, and in the walls of blood vessels is ______

Smooth muscle

THe presence of chondrocytes indicates that a tissue is

cartilage

Damaged tissues that are repaired by the same kind of cells experience a replacement process known as

regeneration

Which of the following tissues is constructed of many collagen fibers

scar tissue

Which type of connective tissue is avascular

Cartilage

Neurons and neuroglia are components of

Nervous tissue

Which tissue performs peristalsis to move substances, such as food, through the hollow organs of the body?

Smooth muscle tissue

This type of tissue can be classified by the shape and arrangement of its cells

Epithelial

Which of the following organs produce insulin

Pancreas

This is the most common tissue and is found throughout the body more than any other form.

Connective

Which type of muscle lines the blood vessels and airways of the body

Smooth

Groups of cells with similar structure and function are called

tissue

Four primary tissue types

Connective, Nervous, Muscle, Epithelial

Four functions of epithelial tissue?

Secretion, absorption, protection, filtration ( I think its filtration…)

The _____ surface is the free surface of the epithelial tissue

apical

Epithelial tissues have 3 different shapes such as:

Columnar, Cuboidal, Squamous

What is the term used for tissues without blood vessels

avascular

simple squamous are found in the lungs and capillaries (TRUE OR FALSE)

true

Simple cuboidal epithelium are common in glands and their ducts (TRUE OR FALSE)

True

Muscle tissue is the most common type of tissue in the body (TRUE OR FALSE)

False 🤓

A structure composed of two or more tissue types that performs a specific function for the body is an

organ

The heart and blood vessels are the primary organs of the _____ system

Cardiovascular