IB: Cold War

The Cold War was a result of fighting the aggressive advances of communism around the globe.

The Cold War was a result of mutual suspicion between the superpowers.

The Cold War was not the fault of either superpower but was inevitable.

The US theory that stated, if Communism in Asia could be restrained in the area the system would eventually die out.

A theory that if one nation comes under Communist control, then neighboring nations will also come under Communist control.

relaxation of tensions between the United States and its two major Communist rivals, the Soviet Union and China

Khrushchev's proposal that the U.S. and U.S.S.R. could compromise and learn to live with each other.

A policy, developed during the Kennedy administration, that involved preparing for a variety of military responses to international crises rather than focusing on the use of nuclear weapons.

The defense policy of the Eisenhower administration that stepped up production of the hydrogen bomb and developed long-range bombing capabilities.

President Truman's policy of providing economic and military aid to any country threatened by communism or totalitarian ideology; an example being Turkey and Greece.

A United States program of economic aid for the reconstruction of Europe (1948-1952)

Winston Churchill's term for the Cold War division between the Soviet-dominated East and the U.S.-dominated West.

airlift in 1948 that supplied food and fuel to citizens of west Berlin when the Soviets closed off land access to Berlin

Bolshevik revolutionary, head of the Soviet Communists after 1924, and dictator of the Soviet Union from 1928 to 1953. He led the Soviet Union with an iron fist, using Five-Year Plans to increase industrial production and terror to crush opposition

A Soviet leader during the Cuban Missile Crisis and advocated for "Peaceful Coexistence" of the superpowers.

The main negotiator of the peace treaty with the North Vietnamese; secretary of state during Nixon's presidency (1970s).

1950-1953

1955-1975

Communist leader of North Vietnam

Leader of South Vietnam

Leader of South Korea

Communist leader of North Korea

Dividing line between North and South Korea

A network of paths used by North Vietnam to transport supplies to the Vietcong in South Vietnam

President Richard Nixons strategy for ending U.S involvement in the Vietnam war, involving a gradual withdrawal of American troops and replacement of them with South Vietnamese forces

1964 Congressional resolution that authorized President Johnson to commit US troops to South Vietnam.

a massive surprise attack by the Vietcong on South Vietnamese towns and cities in early 1968.

American war tactic that terrorized Vietnamese villagers and turning them against communism

• isolate peasants from Vietcong (southern rebels)

• put them in compounds

• alienated villagers

• meant to avoid killing our allies

Chinese Communist leader from 1949 to 1976.

a program in which the United States tried to help Latin American countries overcome poverty and other problems

Military attack on Egypt by Britain, France, and Israel in 1956 after Egypt seized the Suez Canal from British administration.

The downing of a U.S. spy plane and capture of its pilot by the Soviet Union in 1960.

An alliance made to defend one another if they were attacked by any other country; US, England, France, Canada, Western European countries

An alliance between the Soviet Union and other Eastern European nations. This was in response to the NATO

May 1959, US has six months to get out of Berlin or there will be war. Eventually, Khrushchev meets with Eisenhower and they agree to a summit conference.

Temporarily divided Vietnam along the 17th parallel

Policy of the US that it would defend the Middle East against attack by any Communist country

It stated that the United States would honor its existing defense commitments, but in the future other countries would have to fight their own wars without support of American troops.

US would support freedom fighters trying to overthrow Communist regimes.

Ronald Reagan's nickname for the Soviet Union; illustrated an end to detente.

U.S. corporation that controlled the banana trade in much of Latin America

1950s leader of Guatemala, overthrown by people

Communist leader of Cuba

the strategy assuming that, as long as two countries can destroy each other with nuclear weapons, they will be afraid to use them

A 1956 term used by Secretary of State John Dulles to describe a policy of risking war in order to protect national interests

Federal program established to send volunteers to help developing nations

A war between Afghanistan and USSR. Afghanistan wins with the help of the US. Big defeat for the USSR.

An international organization formed after WWII to promote international peace, security, and cooperation.

FDR, Churchill and Stalin met at Yalta. Russia agreed to declare war on Japan after the surrender of Germany and in return FDR and Churchill promised the USSR concession in Manchuria and the territories that it had lost in the Russo-Japanese War

The final wartime meeting of the leaders of the United States, Britain, and the Soviet Union was held outside Berlin, in July, 1945. Truman, Churchill, and Stalin discussed the future of Europe but their failure to reach meaningful agreements soon led to the onset of the Cold War.

A wall separating East and West Berlin built by East Germany in 1961 to keep citizens from escaping to the West

A competition of space exploration between the United States and Soviet Union.

The world's first space satellite. This meant the Soviet Union had a missile powerful enough to reach the US.

Offered direct federal funding to higher education in order to combat the increasing scientific prowess of the Soviet Union.

• Eisenhower

• national defense

• approved funds for interstate highway system

• facilitate commerce and enable military to move around US more easily

The site where the armistice was signed during the Korean War. It ended hostilities of the Korean conflict.

developed a hotline between the white house and kremlin. saved us from a nuclear attack=Kennedy's popularity went up

1. Berlin and Germany remained divided

2. German Federal Republic (West Germany) created

3. German Democratic Republic (East Germany) created

1. West Berlin divided from East Germany.

2. The tensions were not escalated, but not de-escalated.

3. East Germany begins to culturally and economically develop.

fall/collapse of communism, revolutions which overthrew Soviet-style communist states in the Eastern-Bloc.

Communistic guerrilla forces who launched attacks on the Diem government.

1961-1963

1945-1953

1953-1961

1963-1969

1969-1974

1974-1977

1977-1981

1981-1989

Official South African government policy and laws designed to segregate whites from blacks and to oppress black citizens; -whites of South Africa (10%) invented this to control 90% of the black population

Signed in 1977, it stated that Panama would gain control of the canal after 1999

Program of democratization implemented by Gorbachev

Reagan's Star Wars defense system to shoot down missiles while they're in space.

Treaty signed in 1972 between the U.S. and the USSR. This agreement limited the number of missiles in each nation and slowdown of the arms race between the two countries.

Given by the former Prime Minister of Britain, Winston Churchill, in which he talks about the dangers of communism engulfing Europe.

A theory or system of social organization based on the holding of all property in common, actual ownership being ascribed to the community as a whole or to the state.

An economic system based on private ownership of capital

A political system in which the supreme power lies in a body of citizens who can elect people to represent them

The first signed agreement between Israel and an Arab country, in which Egyptian president Anwar Sadat recognized Israel as a legitimate state and Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin agreed to return the Sinai Peninsula to Egypt.