HTHS 1120 Module 1 Burn

epidermis, dermis, subcutaneous layer

Basale, Spinsosum, Granulosum, Lucidum, Corneum

Base layer. Stem cells divide moving new cells up through the other layers of skin

Cells look spiny, 8-10 layers

Keratinocytes undergo apoptosis, 3-5 layers

Only present in thick skin (fingertips, palms, soles of feet), 3-5 layers

Continuously shed and replaced, lamellar granulles for waterproofing, 3-5 layers

Boys seek good looking chicks

-sweat -vasodilate (when too hot) -vasoconstrict (when too cold)

-epidermis has no blood supply -dermis does

-protein keratin protects from microbes, abrasions, heat, and chemicals -lipids keep body waterproof

-nerve receptors detect touch, pressure, vibration, tickling, and pain.

-water evaporates from skin -absorb fat soluble vitamins DEAK, gas, toxins like acetone, carbon tetrachloride, poison ivy, poison oak, heavy metals like lead, mercury, & arsenic

-UV rays become calcitriol to activate vitamin D. Calcitriol also assists in absorption of calcium in GI tract

caused by low blood volume or loss of fluid

failure of heart due to heart attack, heart valve defects, or arrhythmias

vasoconstriction or vasodilation is controlled by nerves. Nerve damage results in constant vasodilation causing decrease pressure in vessels

-sepsis (spread of infection) causing vasodilation and capillary permeability -anaphylaxis is caused by allergic reaction. Causes inflammation, vasodilation, and capillary permeability

Cardiovascular system cannot deliver enough oxygen to tissues

Mild pain and redness but no blisters

destroys epidermis and part of dermis, redness, blister, edema, and pain

Destroys epidermis, dermis and subcutaneous layer. Can be white or charred dry wounds. Numb and marked edema

1%

4.5%

36%

9%

36%

leak fluid and proteins, swelling, hypotension, oliguria, shock, tachycardia, tachyphea

fight or flight mode, heart rate + respirations increase, saliva dries, releases glycogen stores from liver, elevated blood glucose

increases, core temperature turns up, body consumes glucose + oxygen at a high rate, increased nutritional demands

cortisol is released, suppressed defense mechanisms

filter our large amounts of myoglobin and hemoglobin, can lead to acute renal failure

carbon monoxide poisoning, inhalation of toxins from smoke, edema, diminished oxygen

low blood pressure, hypovolemic shock, myocardial infarction, abnormal heart rhythms, life threatening

undifferentiated that can differentiate into one or more cell type

can differentiate into any cell

limited number of cell types

one cell type

harvested from iliac crest, differentiates into keratinocytes and fibroblast, aids in growth of blood vessels, anti-inflammatory properties, painful procedure, low yield, declining number

plentiful, easily harvested, anti-inflammatory cytokines, hard to isolate

bulb contains epithelia and melanocyte stem cells, readily available but harvesting yield is low

innermost layer of the skin, containing fat tissue, insulates and stores energy

oxygen + nutrients, collagen, elastin papillary: superficial 1/5, blood vessels, nerve receptors for touch, temp, pain reticular: deep 4/5, hair follicles, nerves, sebaceous + sudoriferous glands

5 layers of stratified squamous

WBCs and Hct are higher, RBC lower

glucose, creatine kinase, BUN levels are increased, protein levels low

Carbon monoxide bound with hemoglobin, no room for oxygen

solution used to replace fluids and electrolytes in those with low blood volume/pressure

heart failing to pump, blood vessels dilating

increased heart rate + respiration, constriction of peripheral circulation, pale cool skin

low blood volume, lack of profusion, falling blood pressure

perfusion to organs cannot be restored, cell damage in liver + kidneys, irreparably damaged organs

50%

cause swelling and obstruction of airway

rebuilds lost muscle due to burn wounds and breaking down of muscle tissue for energy

burns only use glucose (provided by carbohydrates), allows protein to be used to rebuild muscle instead of energy

aids respiration, gives oxygen

monitors urinary output

assesses damage to respiratory tract

Removal of skin that is dead or contaminated

transfer of skin from one body site to another to replace skin that has been lost through a burn or injury

restore blood loss, red blood cells are essential to provide oxygen

respirations increase

increased heart rate

Harsh or high-pitched respiratory sound, caused by an obstruction of the air passages

puffy swelling of tissue from the accumulation of fluid

presence of infectious organisms in blood stream

tube inserted through the nose into the stomach, removes/places substances

permanent shortening of a muscle or joint

low blood pressure

Decreased urine output

stabilize, treat wounds, monitor vitals, recognize + treat shock

insert nasogastric tube, monitor patient

diagnoses and treats patient

intubates and monitors mechanical ventilation

increases mobility during healing

helps patient adjust to day to day life

helps patient heal emotionally

uses surgery to release contractures due to fluid loss from burn

assesses nutritional content and metabolic rate to maximize healing process