Studied by 26 people
Looks like no one added any tags here yet for you.
Too much dopamine can cause 1. ______ (psychiatric disorder). Too little dopamine can cause 2. ______ (neurological disorder).
schizophrenia
Parkinson’s disease
Which class of drugs that are strong dopamine-2 blockers can cause motor ADRs (dystonia, pseudoparkinson's symptoms)?
Antipsychotics
Insufficient serotonin can lead to what types of psychiatric disorders?
Depression and anxiety
Blocking serotonin reuptake into platelets can increase risk of
bleeding
What is serotonin syndrome?
a condition in which there is excessive serotonin caused by taking two or more serotonergic agents.
Zoloft (sertraline) can increase 5-HT3. What is a common initial ADR? How can we manage the ADR?
The common initial ADR is N/V. We can manage the ADR by starting at a low dose and taking the medication with food.
GABA is an ______ (inhibitory or excitatory) neurotransmitter.
inhibitory
Diphenhydramine is in many OTC sleep aids. What is the MOA for the sedative effects?
Histamine blocker
Diphenhydramine inhibits acetylcholine. Daily use of an anticholinergic medication can cause what common ADRs?
Anti-SLUD effects (dry mouth, constipation, urinary retention, blurred vision)
Why should OTC diphenhydramine or doxylamine (found in sleep aids) should be avoided in Alzheimer’s patients?
Inhibition of ACh production
List the 6 major classes of psychotropic medications used in psychiatry.
Antidepressants, mood stabilizers, antipsychotics, anxiolytics, hypnotics, psychostimulants
What are the 3 most common psychiatric disorders?
Anxiety, personality, and depressive disorders
What are the 2 FDA-indications for the most serotonergic antidepressants?
depression and anxiety
What is gabapentin FDA-approved for? What is it used off label for in addiction medicine and psychiatry?
Indicated for nerve pain and epilepsy, used off-label for anxiety
Which antidepressant can be used for chronic musculoskeletal pain?
Duloxetine (Cymbalta)
> 90% of serotonin is made from _______________ the (GI track or brain)
GI track
Withdrawing from which class of drugs can lead to depression?
long term use of stimulants such as cocaine or amphetamines
Withdrawing from benzodiazepines can lead to what symptoms? How should BZDs be properly stopped?
May lead to anxiety, insomnia, muscle tension, and seizures, need to taper to properly stop
1. ______ (endocrine condition) can cause dépression. 2. What labs should be drawn?
Hypothyroidism
TSH (high levels)
What 3 main neurotransmitters do antidepressants (AD) increase?
Serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine
What is the effect of AD on BDNF and neurogenesis?
Increased BDNF after 4-6 weeks of use
What is a treatment option that is as effective as AD to treat mild-to-moderate depression?
Psychotherapy
What AD is contraindicated in patients with hx of seizure disorders or eating disorders?
Bupropion (Wellbutrin)
Lithium is used to treat ______ ______. Lithium, CBZ and TCAs have narrow therapeutic index.
bipolar disorder
Explain the difference between mental status exam (MSE) vs. mini mental status exam (MMSE).
An MSE (appearance, behavior, perception, cognitive function) is more in depth, extensive, and geared towards diagnosing psychiatric disorders while an MMSE is not as detailed and is for diagnosing cognitive impairment.
In the MSE, what are the medical terms used to describe mood?
depressed, dysthymic, euthymic, elated and euphoric.
What is the most common type of hallucinations in patients with schizophrenia?
Auditory
What is the type of hallucination experienced by methamphetamine abusers? This often cause feelings of “meth mites” and multiple sores from picking their skin.
Formication (tactile)
(T/F): The gold standard to treat personality disorders long term is antipsychotics.
False
For the orientation in MSE, your patient was able to state he/she name, where he/she is, and what is happening but is unable to say the correct month and year. What is the correct level of orientation?
a. Ox1
b. Ox2
c. Ox3
d. Ox4
Ox2
Deficiency in which vitamins and/or electrolytes can lead to psychosis?
Sodium
(T/F): Personality disorder is the least common psychiatric disorder in the US.
False
What are the clusters and types of personality disorders?
![PDF] Understanding Personality Disorder : A Report by the British Psychological Society | Semantic Scholar](https://lh7-us.googleusercontent.com/MUIZeCippUYjwYPHgo1Lw_oxpykWWXBCsmotf4L_93O5g36GNlwfTC6EvYOd9GN5ovKc2XX4IHrmLqwx0PKcW74GGw4kSugMUlJ9KIYC7-G_3DcjXBmLDkzdjSJSMYmKxO_P77Kgy31Zl0TlduWneA)
Note
Flashcard