Studied by 17 peopleWhere is the pituitary gland located?
sella turcica of the sphenoid bone
What are the two lobes of the pituitary gland?
Anterior lobe-adenohypophysis
Posterior lobe-neurohypophysis
What does the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland do?
Synthesize and release hormones
Which hormones are produced by adenohypophysis?
Growth Hormone (GH)
Thyroid- Stimulating hormone(TSH)
Prolactin
Luteinizing hormone(LH)
Follicle-stimulating hormone(FSH)
What do growth hormones do?
stimulates bone and muscle growth
What does TSH do?
stimulates the thyroid to release T3 and T4
What does prolactin do?
stimulates milk production in women
What does FSH and LH do?
Stimulates gamete production in gonads
What does the posterior lobe do?
stores and releases hormones made in the hypothalamus
Which hormones are released by neurohypophysis?
Antidiuretic hormones(ADH) and oxytocin
What does ADH do?
decrease urine output, increase blood pressure
What does oxytocin do?
stimulates uterine contractions during childbirth
What is an infundibulum?
a part of the body that connects the pituitary to the hypothalamus
Where are the adrenal glands located?
on top of the kidneys
True or False:
Each adrenal gland is wrapped by a connective tissue capsule.
True
What are the two primary regions of the adrenal gland?
Adrenal cortex (external)
Adrenal medulla (internal)
What is the function of the adrenal cortex?
secrete hormones
Which hormones are secreted by the adrenal cortex?
cortisol
aldosterone
androgens
What is the function of cortisol?
Regulates metabolism and suppresses the immune system
What is the function of aldosterone?
regulates blood pressure and electrolyte levels
What is the function of androgens?
male sex hormone
What is the function of the adrenal medulla?
secretes epinephrine
What is epinephrine ?
the sympathetic fight-or-flight hormone
adrenaline
What are the 3 regions of the adrenal cortex?
zona glomerulosa, zona fasciculata, zona reticularis
Name the hormones secreted by each region of the adrenal cortex
zona glomerulosa-- aldosterone
zona fasciculata-- cortisol
zona reticularis-- androgens
Where is the thyroid gland located?
anterior to trachea and inferior to larynx
How are the two lobes of the thyroid connected?
by the isthmus
What does the thyroid gland do?
Produces thyroid hormones, T3 and T4. Also produces Calcitonin
Controls body's metabolic rate
What is the function of calcitonin?
Maintain homeostatic level of blood calcium
Decreases calcium levels in the blood
What do thyroid hormones do?
regulate metabolism, growth, and development
What are lobules of the thyroid?
connective tissue separating the thyroid gland into small units
What are thyroid follicles?
sacs in the thyroid filled with thyroglobulin and colloid
Where is thyroglobulin stored?
follicular lumen
What is a colloid?
thyroglobulin containing fluid in the follicle
What are parafollicular cells?
C Cells; cells which secrete the hormone calcitonin
Where are the parathyroid glands located?
posterior surface of the thyroid gland
What are the functions of parathyroid glands?
synthesize parathyroid hormone (PTH)
When do the parathyroid glands secrete PTH?
when calcium levels drop
What does PTH do?
increases calcium absorption in the intestines decreases urinary excretion of calcium and activates osteoclasts.
increase blood calcium levels
What are chief cells, what do they do?
clumps of cells that produce PTH
What is indicated by the blue arrow?
Hypothalamus
What is indicated by the green arrow?
Infundibulum
What is indicated by the black arrow?
neurohypophysis
What is indicated by the purple arrow?
adenohypophysis
In this slide of the adenohypophysis, what does the blue arrow indicate?
Basophils
Basophils are involved in producing which hormones in the adenohypophysis?
TSH, FSH, and LH
In this slide of the adenohypophysis, what does the red arrow indicate?
Acidophils
Acidophils are involved in producing which hormones in the adenohypophysis?
Growth Hormones and Prolactin
In this slide of the neurohypophysis, what does the blue arrow indicate?
glial cells
In this image of the parathyroid, what does the black arrow indicate?
Chief cells
What do chief cells produce?
Parathyroid Hormones
In this image of the parathyroid, what does the blue arrow indicate?
oxyphil cells
Which arrow indicates zona fasciculata?
The purple arrow
Which arrow indicates the capsule?
The black arrow
Which arrow indicates zona glomerulosa?
The blue arrow
What does the green arrow indicate?
Adrenal Medulla
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