Ap Human Geography: Unit 6 ~ Cities and Urban Land-Use Patterns and Processes ~

Believed to be Mesopotamia, Egypt, The Indus Valley, Northern China, and Mesoamerica

A places physical features related to the costs of business production, such as land, labor, and capital

the features of a location’s surrounding area, especially as related to the cost of transporting raw materials and finished goods

The process by which people live and are employed in a city

Urban areas with over 10 million people

Urban area with 20 million people

world’s less developed countries

countries with standard of living lower than core countries, but higher than periphery

a population shift control Urban areas into suburbs, resulting in the formation of urban sprawl

expansion of urban areas surrounding rural or underdeveloped

an urban area with a large suburban residential and business area surrounding it

Residential prosperous, but rural areas beyond the suburbs

Rapidly growing suburban cities with a population greater than 100,000

An urban center that is a major player in the global economy and is connected to a network of other global cities through economic, cultural, and political linkage

A pattern of settlement in a country such that the nth largest settlement is 1/n the population of the largest city

The largest settlement in the country if it has more than twice as many people as the 2nd ranking settlement

The interaction between 2 places can be determined by the product of the population of both places, divided by the square of their distance from one another

In any given region there can be one large century city which is surrounded by a series of villages, towns, and hamlets

The minimum number of people needed for a business to operate (high- lots of people low- little people)

The maximum distance people are willing to travel to get a product or services (low- not far high-long distance)

Theoretical frameworks used in Urban sociology to describe the way in which cities grow and develop

Burgess concentric zone model, Hoyt sector model, Harris and Ullman multiple-nuclei model, the galactic city model, bid-rent theory, Griffin-Ford Latin America city model, Southeast Asia, Africa.

A Central business district that is surrounded by rings in varying levels of development

Describes the growth of the U.S. cities based on economic and physical geography

Suggests that growth is independent of the Central business district

(aka periphery model) areas tied together by transportation nodes like beltways

Geographical economic theory that refers to how the price and demand on real estate changes as the distance towards the Central business district increases

Cities have a Central business district , a dominate elite residential sector and a commercial spine

On a port, high class residential zones that stem from center mid-class residential zones that occur in inner city areas, and low-income squatter settlements that occur in the periphery

3 Central business districts, urban area in sub-shaua Africa that contains pre-conlinal, European Colonial, and postcolonial elements and is segregated by race

more than one type of zoning like residential and commercial

an urban planning and transportation theory that concentrates growth in compacts walkable urban centers to avoid urban sprawl

seeks to encourage local community development and sustainable growth in a new urban area

reserve a portion of land for farms, parks, forests

urban areas that prioritize sustainable, equitable, and people centered development over rapid population and economic growth

an individual or family is treated differently when trying to buy, rent, lease, sell, or finance a home based on their race, ethnicity, religion, or other protected characteristics.

disarminationtory and now illegal practice of refusing someone credit, loan, insurance, or adding unfair terms in those contracts based on their race or ethnicity

a process by which real estate agents convince white property owners to sell their houses at low prices because fear of colored people moving in

areas in Latin American cities compromising neighborhoods characterized by informal housing (slums, squatter settlements) in precarious environmental and social conditions

a residential area where housing can be built on land to which the occupants have no legal claim or has not been built to city standards for legal buildings

where cities remote residents from low income areas and rebuild the area to attract higher income residents

a process of renewal and re-building accompanying the influx of mid-class or affluent people into deteriorating areas that often displaces poorer residents

The lack of jobs, big declines in land value and falling demand can cause properties to become abandoned, extending even to entire neighborhoods