CHA101L Quiz 3

• Branches from the ulnar artery

• Anastomoses with the deep palmar arterial arch for collateral circulation

• Gives rise to the palmar digital arteries

• Branches from the radial artery

• Anastomoses with the superficial palmar arterial arch for collateral circulation

• Deep to flexor retinaculum

• Cutaneous branches to palmar surface of digits 1-3 and lateral 1/2 of digit 4

• Recurrent branch to thenar muscles

• Branches to lumbricals 1 and 2 (on the radial side)

• Superficial to flexor retinaculum

• Cutaneous branches to digit 5 and the medial 1/2 of digit 4

• Motor branches to all other intrinsic hand muscles

• Origin: flexor retinaculum, scaphoid, and trapezium

• Insertion: proximal phalanx of thumb

• Main actions: abducts the thumb, aids in opposition

• Innervation: median nerve

• Origin: flexor retinaculum and trapezium

• Insertion: proximal phalanx of thumb

• Main actions: flexes thumb, aids in opposition

• Innervation: median nerve

• Origin: flexor retinaculum and trapezium

• Insertion: lateral side of 1st metacarpal

• Main actions: opposition

• Innervation: median nerve

• Origin: 2nd and 3rd metacarpal bones

• Insertion: medial side of the proximal phalanx of thumb

• Main actions: adducts thumb, assists opposition

• Innervation: ulnar nerve

• Origin: pisiform bone

• Insertion: medial side of proximal phalanx of digit 5

• Main actions: abducts digit 5

• Innervation: ulnar nerve

• Origin: hamate bone and flexor retinaculum

• Insertion: medial side of proximal phalanx of digit 5

• Main actions: flexes proximal phalanx of digit 5

• Innervation: ulnar nerve

• Origin: hamate and flexor retinaculum

• Insertion: medial border 5th metacarpal

• Main actions: opposes 5th digit to thumb

• Innervation: ulnar nerve

• Origin: tendons of flexor digitorum profundus

• Insertion: lateral sides of extensor expansion digits 2-5

• Main actions: flex MCP joints, extend IP joints

• Innervation: 1 and 2 by median nerve, 3 and 4 by ulnar nerve

• Origin: adjacent sides of two metacarpal bones

• Insertion: extensor expansions and base of digits 2-4

• Main actions: flex MCP joints, extend IP joints, abduct digits 2, 3, 4

• Innervation: ulnar nerve

• Origin: palmar surface of 2nd, 4th, and 5th metacarpals

• Insertion: extensor expansions of digits 2, 4, and 5

• Main actions: flex MCP joint, extend IP joints, adduct digits 2, 4, 5

• Innervation: ulnar nerve

• Origin: palmaris longus tendon

• Insertion: digits 2-5

• Main actions: protects deeper structures

• Innervation: ulnar nerve

• Attached to dorsum of proximal phalanges 2-5

• Receives insertion of lumbrical and interosseous muscles

• Results in the following actions of the lumbricals and interossei

  • flexion of MCP joints

  • extension of IP joints

Spinal cord

• Excessive curvature posteriorly (hunchback, thoracic region)

• Excessive lumbar curvature anteriorly

• Lateral curvature (S-shape)

• Thoracic and sacral (present during fetal development)

• Cervical and lumbar (develops after birth)

• Posteriorly: spinal cord at risk, compression of spinal cord

• Posterolaterally: spinal nerves at risk of damage

• Anterior longitudinal ligament

• Prevents excessive movements and hyperextension of the spine

• It marks the point at which the costal cartilages of the second rib articulate with the sternum

• Spleen can be damaged (left side)

• Liver can be damaged (right side)

• Kidneys can also be damaged on both sides

• Large skeletal muscle that attaches to, and for the most part closes off, the thoracic outlet

• Innervated by the phrenic nerve

• Upon inhalation, contracts and flattens and the chest cavity enlarges

• Run in a superolateral to inferomedial direction

• Most active during inspiration

• Run in a inferolateral to superomedial direction

• Most active during exhalation

• Incomplete and primarily represented by the transversus thoracis muscles

  • Radiate out from the sternum

• Between the internal and innermost intercostal muscles

• Consists of the intercostal veins, arteries, and nerves

• A groove on the inferior surface of each rib that contains the neurovascular bundle

• Posterior arise from the descending aorta

• Anterior arise from the internal thoracic arteries

• The anastomoses of these arteries are important for providing collateral circulation to the chest and other structures

• Ventral primary rami of the thoracic spinal nerves

• Provide motor innervation to the intercostal muscles and sensory innervation to the skin of the thorax

• Birth defect where there is a hole in the central tendon of the diaphragm

• Part of the stomach pushes up through the esophageal hiatus of the diaphragm

• Pectoralis major

• Pectoralis minor

• Serratus anterior

• Sternocleidomastoid

• Scalene muscles

• Rectus abdominis

• Internal obliques

• External obliques

• Quadratus lumborum

• Air sacs in the lungs (alveoli) are damaged

• Over time, the inner walls of the alveoli weaken and rupture

• Causes shortness of breath

• Collapsed lung

• Air leaks into the space between the lungs and chest wall (pleural cavity)

• Negative pressure is messed up

• Separates the atria and the ventricles

• Can see more posteriorly

• A groove that separates the ventricles

• Remnant of the foramen ovale

• Tissue that separates the right and left atria