Government Semester Final

population, territory, sovereignty, & government

social contract with the agreement to govern the state under “general will” on the basis of popular sovereignty

to be one union that works together in a democratic union

unitary- gives all key powers to the national or central gov.

federal- divides the powers of government between the national gov and the state or provincial govs

authoritarian, monarchy, democratic

means “the people” & is a government in which the people rule; can be direct or representative

is not possible without a strong civil society

supreme and absolute authority within its boundaries

refers to European monarchs

the people will give up some freedom in exchange for the protection of their civil liberties

capitalism, socialism, communism

an economic system that emphasizes private ownership of the factors of production, freedom of choice, & individual inentives

economic system in which the government plays a significant role in the economy, but it does not completely control it

economic system equal to a command economy in which the central government directs all major economic decisions

economic system that the US has

limited government which was established by the Magna Carta

influenced the colonists’ notions of representative government, republicanism, constitutionalism, and law. each colony had their own form of government

2 events changes their relations- French & Indian War and the crowning of King George III; the british were in debt and believed that the colonies had the right to pay them back so they taxed the colonies significantly

a plan for the form of government that would take place after independence; included no national court in the beginning, no president/king, and a unicameral legislature; CONFEDERACY

the event that made the colonists realize the shortcomings of the Articles of Confederation

a gathering of people to help begin to form a new system of government; George Washington & Benjamin Franklin both played significant roles in making the Virginia Plan with New York ratifying

enlightened thinker provided the foundation for the principle of separation of powers

the result of the constitutional convention that created a 2-house legislature and a stronger national government that was still controlled by the people; The New Jersey plan had represented the smaller states

federalists- favored the constitution & was led by many of the founders

anti-federalists- critiiced the document for being written in secret & was very upset with the fact that it lacked a Bill of Rights to protect people

preamble, articles, & amendments

popular sovereignty & republicanism, limited government, federalism, separation of powers, checks & balances, individual rights

2 ways to propose & 2 ways to ratify-

1. to propose with a 2/3 vote in the house & senate

2. propose with a 2/3 vote in the states to ask congress to call a convention for debate & then vote on the proposed amendment

3. 3/4 states approval

4. 3/4 states special convention approval

protects individual rights by limiting government powers; 10 amendments in the bill of rights

1. freedom of religion

2. right to bear arms

3. no quartering soldiers

4. prohibits unworth search & seizures

5. right to remain silent (due process)

6. right to a public & speedy trial

7. right to a trial & jury

8. prohibits cruel & unusual punishment

9. protect rights not listed in the constitution

10. gives power to the people & states if not stated in the constitution

state- trade within the country, local gov, support schools, conduct elections, licenses, marriages & divorces

national- foreign interstate commerce, money, army, govern territories, post office, roads, foreign relations, supreme court cases

powers the constitution grants or delegated to the national government

powers not delegated to the federal government

powers directly stated in the constitution (ex. coining money)

powers granted to congress that are stated in the constitution

powers the government requires to carry out its expressed constitutional powers; necessary & proper clause provides the basis for this (ex. drafting an army)

powers of president that are not directly stated in the constitution

powers that neither the national government nor the state government can do (ex. taxing exports)

powers that both the national government and the states have (ex. establish courts)

power to assume control of a state government function

statement granting Congress the power to pass all laws necessary and proper for carrying out the enumerated list of powers.

statement in the constitution establishing that the constitutional laws passed by congress are the supreme law of the land

federal protection in laws, natural disasters, & invasions/war

act that allows the people of a territory interested in becoming a state to prepare a constitution

administer schools, criminal cases, protect life & property, regulate & promote business, preserve natural resources, handle licenses

addresses the duty that states within the United States have to respect the "public acts, records, and judicial proceedings of every other state."

The privileges and immunities clause means that if a citizen is traveling in another state, their fundamental rights to life and property cannot be taken away by the state government, and by extension, the Federal government, namely the Supreme Court can intercede in the defense of those rights.

to return a fugitive who flees across state lines back to the original state

a written agreement between 2 or more states & trade between them; approved by the federal government

rights position- a position that favors state and local action in dealing with problems

nationsists position- position that favors national action in dealing with problems

bicameral- a 2-chamber legislature

unicameral- a 1-chamber legislature

belonging to either the house or the senate

the process of reassigning representation based on population after every census (10 years)

to draw a districts bundaries to gain an advantage in elections

House

1. majority leader- help plan

2. the whip- watch intend to vote

Senate

1. vice president

2. president pro tempore- stands in as president of the sentate in absence of vice president

the minimum number of members who must be present to permit a legislative body to take official action

a method of defeating a bill in the senate by stalling the legislative process and preventing a votee

a procedure that allows each senator to speack only one hour on a bill under debate

1. standing

2. select joint

3. sub

4. joint

declare war, coin money, raise an army and navy, regulate commerce, establish rules of immigration and naturalization, and establish the federal courts and their jurisdictions.

the formal accusation of misconduct in office

congress is in charge of investigating the misconduct and will watch over the person in observation

If a bill has passed in both the U.S. House of Representatives and the U.S. Senate and has been approved by the President, or if a presidential veto has been overridden

when a bill has been killed

the president has the power to veto a bill and bsically kill it

congress can receive a 2/3 vote in both the house and senate to override a veto from the president

passing laws to raise and spend money is one of the most important jobs congress has

approval of government spending belonging to congress

the first step in the legislative process which sets up a federal program and specifies how much money can be use for it

a group of people with broad common interest who organize to win elections, control government, thereby influence government policies

submit candidates to control the government

believe that neither major party is meeting certain needs and therefore they propose a candidate to remedy this situation

set of basic beliefs about life, culture, government, and society

statement of a party’s beliefs on issues

the parts to a platform that describe a course of action plan

a private meeting of party leaders to choose candidates for office

local part organizations send reps to a county that selects condidates for county offices and chooses delegates to go

a collection of a certain number of signatures from people who live in the district

an election in which paty members select people to run in the general election

all voters may participate

members of only a specific party may participate

a second election if neither party receives majority

more votes than any other candidate

candidates for president & vice president

official tally of votes for a given election

must be within the state and in person

Head of State, Chief Executive, Commander in Chief, Chief Diplomat, Legislative Leader, Economic Planner, Party Leader

the president is responsible for the nation’s seurity and is in charge of the military

releases a person from legal punishment

postpones legal punishment

a pardon from a group of people who have committed an offense against the government

special government court

formal agreements between the government of two or more countries

address to congress that calls attention to the president’s ideas about how to solve key problems facing the country

group of people appointed by the President that helps him with his daily job

The number of electors each state gets is equal to its total number of Senators and Representatives in Congress. A total of 538 electors form the Electoral College. Each elector casts one vote following the general election. The candidate who gets 270 votes or more wins; votes cast correspond with political parties & overall presidential candidates

2 presidential terms

beginning to the constitution that stated what the document was about

document setting clear limits on the monarchy which was felt directy in the american colonies

first of many colonial plans for self government

47-page pamphlet written by Thomas Paine in 1775–1776 advocating independence from Great Britain to people in the Thirteen Colonies.