abeka biology 10 section 6.1 (pgs 84-87)

cranial cavity

contains the brain

spinal cavity

contains the spinal cord

thoracic cavity

contains the heart, lungs, esophagus, windpipe, thymus, and aorta

abdominopelvic cavity

separated from the thoracic cavity by the diaphragm; contains the liver, stomach, pancreas, spleen, kidneys, urinary bladder, small intestine, large intestine, and the reproductive organs, or gonads

gonads

reproductive organs

• abdominal

• pelvic

two answer fill in the blank

the abdominopelvic cavity is sometimes divided into the ______________ and _______ cavi­ties

viscera

all the soft internal organs within the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities, such as the heart, lungs, and intestines

eleven

fill in the blank

the body can be divided into _________ functioning systems

(p.s.: i spelled it out)

system

group of structures that function together as a unit to perform a definite job for the body

organs

smaller units that each system is made of

tissues

what organs are further divided into

cells

even smaller units that can be observed under a microscope

cardiovascular system

heart, arteries, veins, and capillaries

• heart

• arteries

• veins

• capillaries

what are the organs of the cardiovascular system?

• arteries

• veins

two answer fill in the blank

the ___________ carry the blood away from the heart, and the ______ return it to the heart

immune system

the body’s defense against disease-causing organisms, such as bacteria and viruses, and other foreign invaders

white blood cells

the most important part of the immune system

lymphatic system

a network of vessels, similar in appearance to blood vessels

lymph

lymphatic fluid

lymph nodes

where white blood cells filter out harmful particles and bacteria that the lymph has picked up from the tissues; also serve as “bases” from which white blood cells mount attacks against invaders

bone marrow

where white blood cells are produced

spleen and tonsils

other agents of the body’s immune system

respiratory system

supply body tissues with oxygen and to remove carbon dioxide

• nose

• nasal

• pharynx

• larynx

• trachea

• bronchial

multiple answer fill in the blank

when the diaphragm contracts, creating a partial vacuum in the thoracic cavity, air passes through the ______, __________ passages, __________, _________ (voice box), ___________ (windpipe), and ___________ tubes to the lungs

(uh idk if you really need to know this, but who knows atp-)

alveoli

the thin-walled air sacs at the ends of the smallest bronchial tubes in the lungs

digestive system

composed of a number of organs that make up a 6 m (20 ft) long tube

alimentary canal

leads from the mouth to the anus

anus

the opening through which wastes are expelled from the digestive system

mouth and teeth

chop the food to begin digestion

(hint: two answers)

esophagus

the tube that transports food from the mouth to the stomach

stomach

principal job is to store food until the small intestine is ready to receive it

small intestine

digestion is completed and nutrients are absorbed into the bloodstream

large intestine

absorbs water from undigested food before it is expelled from the body

excretory system

provides a number of openings through which a variety of waste materials are excreted from the body

sweat glands

excrete urea and salts from the body

kidneys

filter the blood by removing excess water, urea, uric acid, and other waste materials

urinary bladder

where liquid wastes from the kidneys are stored

urethra

the tube connecting the urinary bladder to the outside of the body

nervous system

coordinates the activities of the body

brain

the most important organ of the nervous system; considered the master control unit of the body

sense organs

provide the nervous system with information about the environment through such senses as sight, hearing, smell, taste, touch, pressure, and pain

nerves

connect all areas of the body to the brain and spinal cord

impulses

electrochemical signals

hormones

chemical messengers

endocrine system

body system containing hormone-producing glands

endocrine gland

any of the glands within the endocrine system, which secrete hormones into the bloodstream

integumentary system

protects the body from its surroundings, providing protection from bacteria and other microbes; skin

skeletal system

made up of approximately 206 bones and numerous ligaments

206

how many bones make up the skeletal system?

cranium

the part of the skull that provides a protective helmet for the brain

rib cage

protects the heart, lungs, and other vital organs

muscular system

provides movement for the body

voluntary muscles

muscles that are consciously controlled

involuntary muscles

muscles that operate whether we think about them or not

cardiac muscle

the heart; an example of an involuntary muscle

reproductive system

the body system responsible for the continuation of the human race

conception

fill in the blank

a new living person begins at ______________

fertilization

process when the male gamete (sperm) unites with the female gamete (egg)

uterus

where the development of a child before birth takes place; womb

homeostasis

a stable internal environment in the body; failure to maintain homeostasis results in disease or death

feedback mechanisms

help maintain homeostasis by detecting changes in the body and directing the body to respond appropriately

negative feed­back mechanisms

reverse the effect of a change; lowers the blood pressure if it gets too high

positive feedback mechanisms

maintain or intensify the effect of a change, are relatively rare in the body but are involved in processes such as fever, inflammation, blood clotting, and childbirth