Lipids and Lipoproteins

________: most common; combines ultracentrifugation & chemical precipitation.

What is the protein portion of a lipoprotein? Answer with a single words or term.

________: bypasses centrifugation; commonly used in routine labs.

What is found in bile acids and cell membranes? Answer with a single words or term.

________: common among alcoholics; increases risk for pancreatitis; also seen in renal failure and diabetes.

________ are converted to fatty acids in the liver via the TCA cycle> esterified into TAGs> transported by VLDL to adipocytes.

________ exists in two forms: apoB100 and apoB48.

Step 1: ________ is estimated by dividing the fasting triglyceride concentration by 5.

________: increased apo B synthesis results in ↑ VLDL and LDL.

________ related cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the number one cause of death in the world.

________: most common; combines ultracentrifugation & chemical precipitation.

What is inversely proportional to TAG content? Answer with a single words or term.

________ promotes lipogenesis and inhibits lipolysis.

What is directly proportional to TAG content? Answer with a single words or term.

________: 3 fatty acid molecules attached to 1 molecule of glycerol by ester bonds; used to store energy.

________ activates gluconeogenesis (liver) and causes lipid mobilization from fat stores (lipolysis)

________ cholesterol out of cells (e.g.

Apolipoprotein B exists in two forms: apoB100 and ________. ________ is present in chylomicrons.

________ contain lipids and protein.

Types of head groups: choline, inositol, serine, ethanolamine, all of which are hydrophilic in nature. What is found primarily in cell membranes in the myelin sheath (nervous system)

________ is deposited in artery walls, plaque (fatty streaks) forms when foam cells (macrophages) die.

What is done in the mitochondrion? Answer with a single words or term.

________ appear in serum after a fatty meal giving it a milky appearance (do not appear in fasting specimens)

________: esters of fatty acids with alcohols.

________ oxidation. ________ are a major source of energy in the body.

________: Most common lipid abnormality most closely linked to heart disease due to health behavior (elevated levels of LDL or apo- B100)

________ is the specimen of choice for lipid panel.

________ predict the risk of CVD better than lipid testing (total cholesterol, LDL, and HDL), but old research guidelines are based on the lipid panel.