AP Biology Unit 1-Chemistry of Life Vocab

Summarizes a group of hypotheses

an explanation to a question

derive generalizations based on a large number of specific observations

The group that is exposed to the treatment that is being tested

Statement of fact usually as a mathematical formula

groups in the experiment that help eliminate experimental errors and biases of researchers

specific results are derived from general premises

the one factor that is changed by the person doing the experiment

all the factors that stay the same in an experiment.

the hypotheses that contain results that are NOT the null hypothesis

a hypothesis which the researcher tries to disprove, reject or nullify

the factor which is measured in the experiment

the average of the data set

the middle number in a range of data points

Statistics that describe the center of the data set.

the value that appears most often in a data set

the measure of how far a data set diverges from the central tendency

the difference between the largest and smallest values

a measure of how spread out the data is from the mean

used to determine the precision of and confidence in the mean value

the upward movement of water due to the forces of cohesion, adhesion, and surface tension

the partially positive hydrogen atom in one polar covalent molecule will bind the partially negative oxygen atom in another polar covalent molecule .

organic molecules consisting only of carbon and hydrogen

Large molecules formed with carbon backbones

bonds two monomers with the loss of water

breaks the bonds in a polymer by adding water

chain like macromolecules of similar or identical repeating units that are covalently bonded together

the repeating units that make up polymers

two monosaccharides joined together by covalent bonds

Molecules that have an amino group and a carboxyl group, monomer of polypeptides

Many amino acids that are linked together with peptide bonds

tough substance that forms plant cell walls

simple sugars, can serve as building blocks for amino acids, or as monomers for di- and polysaccharides

polymer with many sugars joined via dehydration reactions

A polymer of glucose that animals use to store sugars

Water repelling/hating

Water attracting/loving

a type of covalent bond that joins a sugar molecule to another sugar

A polymer of glucose that plants use to store sugars

the linear chain of amino acids in a protein

Coils and folds due to hydrogen bonding within the polypeptide backbone of a protein (beta sheets and alpha helices)

3D folding due to interactions between the side chains of the AAs

Association of two or more polypeptides

class of molecules that do not include true polymers, usually small and are hydrophobic

long carbon chains (carboxyl group at one end)

Major component of cell membranes made of two fatty acids attached to a glycerol and a phosphate

the loss or change of a proteins shape that leads to loss or change of function

molecule consisting of polypeptides (polymers of amino acids) folded into a 3D shape

Lipids that have four fused rings

Consists of two polynucleotides, forms a double helix. Holds genetic information

Single stranded polynucleotide, variable in shape. Used in transferring genetic information to proteins.

Monomer of nucleic acids. Contain 3 parts: Nitrogenous base, Five carbon sugar (pentose), Phosphate group(s)

polymers made of nucleotide monomers

one ring with 6 atoms

one ring with 6 atoms bonded to one ring with 5 atoms

Group not exposed to the experimental treatment or independent variable, but it IS exposed to a treatment known to produce the expected effect

Group not exposed to any treatment or exposed to a treatment that is known to have NO effect