Hormones and the Endocrine System
Hormones and the Endocrine System
Hormones and other signaling molecules bind to larger receptors, triggering specific response pathways
- HORMONES: chemical signals that cause a response n target cells
- POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE FEEDBACK: regulates most endocrine secretion
- anytime your body is trying to do the opposite of what the body is doing then it is negative feedback
- giving birth and breast feeding is positive feedback
- negative feedback words: reverses, returns to
- positive feedback words: amplifies
Feedback regulation and coordination with the nervous system are common in endocrine signaling
- a feedback loop linking the response back to the initial stimulus is characteristic of hormone control pathways
- NEGATIVE FEEDBACK LOOP: when the response reduces the initial stimulus
- POSITIVE FEEDBACK LOOP: reinforce a stimulus leading to an even greater response
- TROPIC HORMONES: ones that affect other endocrine glands
Endocrine glands respond to diverse stimuli in regulating homeostasis, development, and behavior
- HYPOTHALAMUS: receives information from the nerves throughout the body and from other parts of the brain and then initiates endocrine signals in response
- POSTERIOR PITUITARY: extension of the hypothalamus that stores and releases these two hormones
- OXYTOCIN: causes the contraction of the uterine muscles
- ANTIDIURETIC HORMONE: makes collecting tubules of the kidney more permeable to water, releasing water retention
- the anatomy of a nephron includes: boman's capsule, glomerulus, proximal tubule, loop of henle, descending, ascending, distal tubule, collecting duct
- the loop of henle contributes to longer water conservation
- COUNTERCURRENT MULTIPLIER SYSTEM: counter current system
- expends energy to create concentration gradients
- antidiuretic hormone (ADH) contributes to the regulation of kidney function
- made in the hypothalamus
- target: distal tubule and collecting duct
- amplifies water reabsorption
- alcohol inhibits ADH
- produces water loss and dehydration
- ANTERIOR PITUITARY: consists of endocrine cells that synthesize and secrete several hormones
- FOLICLE STIMULATING HORMONES: stimulates development of the ovarian follicles in females and promotes spermatogenesis in males by acting on the cells in seminiferous tubules
- LUTENIZING HORMONE: triggers ovulation of females and stimulates the production of testosterone by the interstadial call of the testes
Hormones and the Endocrine System
Hormones and the Endocrine System
Hormones and other signaling molecules bind to larger receptors, triggering specific response pathways
- HORMONES: chemical signals that cause a response n target cells
- POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE FEEDBACK: regulates most endocrine secretion
- anytime your body is trying to do the opposite of what the body is doing then it is negative feedback
- giving birth and breast feeding is positive feedback
- negative feedback words: reverses, returns to
- positive feedback words: amplifies
Feedback regulation and coordination with the nervous system are common in endocrine signaling
- a feedback loop linking the response back to the initial stimulus is characteristic of hormone control pathways
- NEGATIVE FEEDBACK LOOP: when the response reduces the initial stimulus
- POSITIVE FEEDBACK LOOP: reinforce a stimulus leading to an even greater response
- TROPIC HORMONES: ones that affect other endocrine glands
Endocrine glands respond to diverse stimuli in regulating homeostasis, development, and behavior
- HYPOTHALAMUS: receives information from the nerves throughout the body and from other parts of the brain and then initiates endocrine signals in response
- POSTERIOR PITUITARY: extension of the hypothalamus that stores and releases these two hormones
- OXYTOCIN: causes the contraction of the uterine muscles
- ANTIDIURETIC HORMONE: makes collecting tubules of the kidney more permeable to water, releasing water retention
- the anatomy of a nephron includes: boman's capsule, glomerulus, proximal tubule, loop of henle, descending, ascending, distal tubule, collecting duct
- the loop of henle contributes to longer water conservation
- COUNTERCURRENT MULTIPLIER SYSTEM: counter current system
- expends energy to create concentration gradients
- antidiuretic hormone (ADH) contributes to the regulation of kidney function
- made in the hypothalamus
- target: distal tubule and collecting duct
- amplifies water reabsorption
- alcohol inhibits ADH
- produces water loss and dehydration
- ANTERIOR PITUITARY: consists of endocrine cells that synthesize and secrete several hormones
- FOLICLE STIMULATING HORMONES: stimulates development of the ovarian follicles in females and promotes spermatogenesis in males by acting on the cells in seminiferous tubules
- LUTENIZING HORMONE: triggers ovulation of females and stimulates the production of testosterone by the interstadial call of the testes