No 2 countries have the same political system because over the course of time, each one has developed to suit its particular history, culture, population, and rulers. Consequently, no two countries have the same political system. On the other hand, there are just a few broad categories that may be used to classify the various political systems found around the world. There is the potential for differences to exist within each group. Afghanistan, which is moving from a theocracy to a multi-party democracy, and Zimbabwe, where Robert Mugabe is converting the country into a dictatorship, are two examples of countries that are in the process of shifting from one form of governance to another.

In a democracy with multiple parties, the electorate has options to choose from while casting their ballots. It is not possible for every country to properly execute a multiparty democracy due to the fact that it permits the public expression of a variety of perspectives and the development of opposition to the administration that has been elected. Even though some countries claim to be multiparty democracies, the president of those countries actually controls the majority of the authority.

REPUBLIC OF THE PRESIDENT

A presidential republic is a kind of pure democracy in which voters decide not only who will serve as president but also who will represent them in the legislature. It is the kind of government that is utilized the most frequently all around the world. In some nations, such as the United States and South Africa, the individual who holds the office of president is also the individual who is in charge of the government. In both France and Russia, the president is chosen by the people to serve as head of state. He then chooses a prime minister to serve as head of government, but the president continues to wield significant power over the nation. In a few of nations, like Ireland, India, and Israel, the president serves mostly as a symbolic figurehead, while the prime minister and administration hold the real authority.

MONARCHY OF THE CONSTITUTION

In a constitutional monarchy, the head of the ruling royal family also serves as the head of state, and he or she is followed in hereditary succession by the person who is the monarch's closest relative. For instance, Japan is a constitutional monarchy in which the emperor holds absolute power. Although they hold little actual powers, monarchs are often honored as national symbols because of their status. This is under the control of the democratically elected government, which is headed up by the prime minister, who is also the leader of the party that holds the most seats in parliament. Over the course of history, a number of nations' governments have shifted from absolute monarchies to constitutional monarchies.

FEDERAL REPUBLIC

Some countries, like Germany, are organized as federal republics, which means that each individual state holds significant power and chooses its own prime minister. The federal parliament in Germany acts as an overarching body for the country's many states and is responsible for selecting the chancellor, the position equivalent to the United Kingdom's Prime Minister. The members of the assembly and the state legislatures work together to choose the president.

ONE-PARTY STATE

In a political system with only one party, there is only room for one political party. Every other kind of gathering is strictly forbidden. All of the power in the state is held by a single party. Several nations in Africa and the countries that formerly belonged to the communist bloc in eastern Europe are in the process of transforming their one-party dictatorships into multiparty democracies right now.

THEOCRACY

In a theocracy, political power is held by religious leaders who base their decisions on the teachings of their respective scriptures. In spite of the fact that non-religious people are in control of the government in Iran, the mullahs, who are Muslim scholars and priests, are the true power brokers in the country. The Vatican City State, which is the tiniest state in the world, combines a monarchy with elected theocracy as its form of government. The position of Head of State is held by the Pope, who also serves as the Spiritual Leader of All Roman Catholics Throughout the World. Cardinals, who are senior members of the church, make the decision to make someone a cardinal.

STATES OPERATED BY ONE PARTY

Despite their claims to be multiparty democracies like Egypt and Tunisia, these nations are really dominated by a single party that has a stranglehold on the government, often with the backing of the military like in Syria.

ABSOLUTE MONARCHY

In a system known as an absolute monarchy, the power to rule rests solely with the nation's current head of state, who then passes it on to the next member of the royal family. Absolute monarchs wielded complete control over their realms in days gone by, but modern monarchs typically delegate some of their power to smaller advisory councils.

A monarchy is present in a political system that is only partially democratic.

In certain nations, the reigning monarch retains a firm hold on power while also permitting some degree of democratic participation. In Jordan, King Abdullah allows for direct elections to be held for the lower House of Representatives, but he retains a significant amount of authority by appointing all 55 members of the Senate.

DICTATORSHIP

Only a few nations on earth are governed by a single leader who holds complete and unchecked authority; these leaders are regarded as dictators. The majority of dictators get to power either by military coups (army takeovers), the acquisition of power from an already-established ruler (as occurred in Iraq), or through direct elections followed by the criminalization of opposition parties. Once they have achieved power, tyrants rule in a manner that is both personal and often cruel, and they eliminate all resistance.

MILITARY GOVERNMENT

In most cases, the establishment of a military administration follows the army's seizure of authority of a government that is either weak or unpopular. An example of a country with a military government is Pakistan, which fell under the rule of Pervez Musharraf when the military seized power. Absolute power is held by senior military officers, who are typically drawn from inside the armed forces. It is decided to do away with elections and the legislature altogether, as well as declare political parties illegal. In recent history, countries in South and Central America, Africa, and Asia have frequently been ruled by military dictatorships.

EMPIRE

The term "empire" refers to the situation in which one nation dominates over multiple other nations, most often under the authority of a single emperor. The 18th and 19th centuries are sometimes referred to as "the Age of Empire," despite the fact that empires have existed since antiquity. This is because it was during this time that European nations solidified their authority over South America, Africa, and Asia. Today, there are only a few scattered ruins left over from these various European dynasties.

There are certain countries that do not practice self-government. There are approximately 10 million people who make their homes in nations such as the United Kingdom, Denmark, Norway, France, the Netherlands, the United States, New Zealand, or Australia, all of which offer protection to their citizens. The bulk of dependent territories are remnants of the colonial era and are still connected to their former colonial overlords. These areas are known as "holdovers." In recent times, the status of several regions has shifted. For example, in 1997 Hong Kong made the transition from being ruled by the British to being ruled by the Chinese. Some regions are maintained as colonies because they are too small, remote, or feeble to prosper on their own, while other regions are maintained as colonies because of the strategic or economic significance they hold.