Acids, Bases, and Salts

10A Acids and Bases

• Acids

  • Acid: a substance that produces hydrogen ions in an aqueous solution

  • Aqueous Solution: a water-based solution

  • Hydronium Ion: an ion formed by the combination of a water molecule and a hydrogen ion

  • Indicator: a substance that changes color in the presence of an acid or base

• Bases

  • Base: a substance that produces hydroxide ions in an aqueous solution

• Hydroxide Ion: an ion formed by oxygen and hydrogen

  • Slippery Feel

  • Conductivity

  • Color Change With Indicators

  • Bitter Taste

10B Acidity and Alkalinity

• Ionization of Acids

  • Strong Acid: an acid in which all or most of the molecules produce hydrogen ions in an aqueous solution

  • Weak Acid: an acid that produces few hydrogen ions in an aqueous solution

• Dissociation of Bases

  • Strong Base: a base that readily produces large numbers of hydroxide ions in an aqueous solution

• Ionization of Bases

  • Weak Base: a base that produces few hydroxide ions in an aqueous solution

• The pH scale

  • pH: a unitless number between 0 and 14 that tells how acidic or basic a substance is

• Buffer: a weak acid or base in solution that resists changes in pH when a moderate amount of either an acid or base is added

10C Salts

• Salt: an ionic compound formed by a combination of cations and anions

• Neutralization: a double-replacement reaction between an acid and a base that produces a salt and water