23.1 Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

The center of the cardiovascular system is the heart
At times the lymph nodes themselves get infected and become visibly swollen and tender; swollen lymph nodes are called buboes
Lymph nodes are also an important component of the body’s immune system.

23.2 Bacterial Diseases of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

An acute illness that is associated with the presence and persistence of pathogenic microorganisms or their toxins in the blood is termed septicemia
When sepsis results in a drop in blood pressure (shock) and dysfunction of at least one organ, it is considered to be severe sepsis
There is an emerging awareness of group B streptococci (GBS). S. agalactiae is the only GBS and is the most common cause of life-threatening neonatal sepsis
An inflammation of the endocardium is called endocarditis.
- A more rapidly progressive type of bacterial endocarditis is acute bacterial endocarditis, which is usually caused by Staphylococcus aureus.
Streptococci can also cause pericarditis, inflammation of the sac around the heart
- Streptococcal infections, such as those caused by Streptococcus pyogenes, sometimes lead to rheumatic fever, which is generally considered an autoimmune complication.
Tularemia is an example of a zoonotic disease, that is, a disease transmitted by contact with infected animals, in this case most commonly rabbits and rodents.
Cutaneous anthrax results from contact with material containing anthrax endospores.
A relatively rare form of anthrax is gastrointestinal anthrax caused by ingestion of undercooked food containing anthrax endospores.
- The most dangerous form of anthrax in humans is inhalational (pulmonary) anthrax.

The identification of EB virus as the cause of infectious mononucleosis, or mono, resulted from one of the accidental discoveries that often advance science.
This disease of the newborns was given the name of cytomegalic inclusion disease (CID).
- Patients who recover without major incident are classified as having dengue.
If the patient suffers from severe bleeding and organ impairment, the case is classified as severe dengue.
Ebola virus disease (EVD) or Ebola, for a regional river, this is now a well-publicized disease, with mortality approaching 90%.
Argentine and Bolivian hemorrhagic fevers are transmitted in rural areas by contact with rodent excretions.
Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome, caused by the Sin Nombre virus,* a bunyavirus, has become well known in the United States because of several outbreaks, mostly in the western states.

Toxoplasmosis, a disease of blood and lymphatic vessels, is caused by the protozoan Toxoplasma gondii.
Malaria is characterized by chills and fever and often by vomiting and severe headache.
Leishmaniasis is a widespread and complex disease that exhibits several clinical forms

Schistosomiasis is a debilitating disease caused by a small fluke
- Schistomiasis is treated with praziquantel.
Sanitation and elimination of the host snail are also useful forms of control.

Probably the most common cause of acquired heart disease in the United States (replacing rheumatic fever) is an acute febrile illness of unknown etiology, Kawasaki syndrome (KS).

The center of the cardiovascular system is the heart
At times the lymph nodes themselves get infected and become visibly swollen and tender; swollen lymph nodes are called buboes
Lymph nodes are also an important component of the body’s immune system.

An acute illness that is associated with the presence and persistence of pathogenic microorganisms or their toxins in the blood is termed septicemia
When sepsis results in a drop in blood pressure (shock) and dysfunction of at least one organ, it is considered to be severe sepsis
There is an emerging awareness of group B streptococci (GBS). S. agalactiae is the only GBS and is the most common cause of life-threatening neonatal sepsis
An inflammation of the endocardium is called endocarditis.
- A more rapidly progressive type of bacterial endocarditis is acute bacterial endocarditis, which is usually caused by Staphylococcus aureus.
Streptococci can also cause pericarditis, inflammation of the sac around the heart
- Streptococcal infections, such as those caused by Streptococcus pyogenes, sometimes lead to rheumatic fever, which is generally considered an autoimmune complication.
Tularemia is an example of a zoonotic disease, that is, a disease transmitted by contact with infected animals, in this case most commonly rabbits and rodents.
Cutaneous anthrax results from contact with material containing anthrax endospores.
A relatively rare form of anthrax is gastrointestinal anthrax caused by ingestion of undercooked food containing anthrax endospores.
- The most dangerous form of anthrax in humans is inhalational (pulmonary) anthrax.

The identification of EB virus as the cause of infectious mononucleosis, or mono, resulted from one of the accidental discoveries that often advance science.
This disease of the newborns was given the name of cytomegalic inclusion disease (CID).
- Patients who recover without major incident are classified as having dengue.
If the patient suffers from severe bleeding and organ impairment, the case is classified as severe dengue.
Ebola virus disease (EVD) or Ebola, for a regional river, this is now a well-publicized disease, with mortality approaching 90%.
Argentine and Bolivian hemorrhagic fevers are transmitted in rural areas by contact with rodent excretions.
Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome, caused by the Sin Nombre virus,* a bunyavirus, has become well known in the United States because of several outbreaks, mostly in the western states.

Toxoplasmosis, a disease of blood and lymphatic vessels, is caused by the protozoan Toxoplasma gondii.
Malaria is characterized by chills and fever and often by vomiting and severe headache.
Leishmaniasis is a widespread and complex disease that exhibits several clinical forms

Schistosomiasis is a debilitating disease caused by a small fluke
- Schistomiasis is treated with praziquantel.
Sanitation and elimination of the host snail are also useful forms of control.

Probably the most common cause of acquired heart disease in the United States (replacing rheumatic fever) is an acute febrile illness of unknown etiology, Kawasaki syndrome (KS).