Unresolved Tensions After World War One

Effects from the war

The United States prospered while Europe’s economy was devastated.
The disastrous war showed colonized people that imperial powers could be defeated, and fueled their nationalist movements for the future.
Colonized people who had fought for imperial powers in the first world war believed that they had earned decolonization.
The Big Three at the Paris Peace Conference were not interested in freeing colonized peoples, and only granted self determination to those in white European countries (part of the Austria-Hungary empire).
Colonies in the Middle East and Africa who were once ruled by Central Powers, were given to Allies rather than freeing them.

Arab rebels of the Ottoman Empire who fought with the Allie powers in exchange for self-rule, were enraged when the Allies went back on their promise and instituted a mandate system to rule colonies of the Central Powers.
Mandate System: Compromise from the Allies to handle the Central Power colonies, an sanctioned method of colonization.
Tutelage post WW1: The required authority over colonies “not advanced” enough for self-rule.
Pan-Arabism: Arab started movement calling for the unification of North African and Middle Eastern League of Nation mandates.
Balfour Declaration: British government document stating that Palestine should become a permanent European Jew home.

Amritsar Massacre: In a 1919 Punjab, Sikh festival, Indian nationalists were peacefully protesting (banned by the British government) the arrest of two freedom fighters, as a result colonial forces killed/wounded around 1,500 civilians.
- Moderate members of the Indian National Congress were convinced that independence from Britain was necessary.
Mahatma Gandhi: Indian revolutionist and human rights activist, known for his peaceful protests against British rule over India.
Satyagraha Movement: “devotion to truth”, this resistance started by Gandhi encouraged the Indian people to break unjust laws (Civil Disobedience).
Salt March: Gandhi led thousands of Indians to walk across the Arabia Sea and picking up grains of salt, defying Britain’s unjust law against Indian sea salt production as they wanted a British salt monopoly.
Muhammad Ali Jinnah, Muslim voice in the Indian National Congress, proposed that a separate state (Pakistan) should be formed with the independence of India to prioritize Muslim interests.

After World War One, Japan took control over Korea, increasing Japanese influence over Koreans.
March First Movement: March 1919, 2 million Koreans protested Japanese rule, displaying their powerful nationalism, and were punished brutally by Japanese forces.
China aided Allies in WW1, hoping to regain German land, yet the officials at the Paris Peace Conference granted the land to Japan instead.
May Fourth Movement: Anti-Japanese demonstration in China 1919, expressing Chinese nationalism and democratic desires.
Fueled by their anger, China rejected Western Style government and adapted communism like the Soviet Union.
- Chinese Communist Party vs Chinese Nationalist Party, fought for power with the nationalists eliminating most of the communist followers.
Japan invaded Manchuria with force, giving up their membership in the League of Nations, and continued to expand their rule into Manchukuo, the Philippines, and more as a conqueror until WW2.

African intellects recognized racial discrimination by colonial governments
African workers protested discriminatory wage gaps and went on strike, spreading across the region.

The United States prospered while Europe’s economy was devastated.
The disastrous war showed colonized people that imperial powers could be defeated, and fueled their nationalist movements for the future.
Colonized people who had fought for imperial powers in the first world war believed that they had earned decolonization.
The Big Three at the Paris Peace Conference were not interested in freeing colonized peoples, and only granted self determination to those in white European countries (part of the Austria-Hungary empire).
Colonies in the Middle East and Africa who were once ruled by Central Powers, were given to Allies rather than freeing them.

Arab rebels of the Ottoman Empire who fought with the Allie powers in exchange for self-rule, were enraged when the Allies went back on their promise and instituted a mandate system to rule colonies of the Central Powers.
Mandate System: Compromise from the Allies to handle the Central Power colonies, an sanctioned method of colonization.
Tutelage post WW1: The required authority over colonies “not advanced” enough for self-rule.
Pan-Arabism: Arab started movement calling for the unification of North African and Middle Eastern League of Nation mandates.
Balfour Declaration: British government document stating that Palestine should become a permanent European Jew home.

Amritsar Massacre: In a 1919 Punjab, Sikh festival, Indian nationalists were peacefully protesting (banned by the British government) the arrest of two freedom fighters, as a result colonial forces killed/wounded around 1,500 civilians.
- Moderate members of the Indian National Congress were convinced that independence from Britain was necessary.
Mahatma Gandhi: Indian revolutionist and human rights activist, known for his peaceful protests against British rule over India.
Satyagraha Movement: “devotion to truth”, this resistance started by Gandhi encouraged the Indian people to break unjust laws (Civil Disobedience).
Salt March: Gandhi led thousands of Indians to walk across the Arabia Sea and picking up grains of salt, defying Britain’s unjust law against Indian sea salt production as they wanted a British salt monopoly.
Muhammad Ali Jinnah, Muslim voice in the Indian National Congress, proposed that a separate state (Pakistan) should be formed with the independence of India to prioritize Muslim interests.

After World War One, Japan took control over Korea, increasing Japanese influence over Koreans.
March First Movement: March 1919, 2 million Koreans protested Japanese rule, displaying their powerful nationalism, and were punished brutally by Japanese forces.
China aided Allies in WW1, hoping to regain German land, yet the officials at the Paris Peace Conference granted the land to Japan instead.
May Fourth Movement: Anti-Japanese demonstration in China 1919, expressing Chinese nationalism and democratic desires.
Fueled by their anger, China rejected Western Style government and adapted communism like the Soviet Union.
- Chinese Communist Party vs Chinese Nationalist Party, fought for power with the nationalists eliminating most of the communist followers.
Japan invaded Manchuria with force, giving up their membership in the League of Nations, and continued to expand their rule into Manchukuo, the Philippines, and more as a conqueror until WW2.

African intellects recognized racial discrimination by colonial governments
African workers protested discriminatory wage gaps and went on strike, spreading across the region.