5.1: North American Regions

• The British colonists could not allow their colonial rivals to be ignored either.

  • The Francophone communities were clustered along St.Lawrence and scattered across the Mississippi to the Mexican Gulf to the North and West of the English-speaking enclaves along the Atlantic Coast.

• The Indian peoples had adapted and changed after two centuries of European colonization.

  • They had firearms and metal tools and they learned how to construct their log houses.

  • They were enthusiastic about the fur business.

• But they depended on European trade in this process.

• The California Spanish plan called for the transmission of the indigenous people, for their submission to rule of the couron, and for them to be able to work towards increasing the livelihood of a small civilian and military institution that would oppose colonial rivalry in the province.

  • The first Franciscan-native contacts were not encouraging.

• From the mouth of the St. Lawrence River, in the southwest, to the Great Lakes and down the Mississippi River to the Mexican Gulf, the French used their trade and alliance network to establish colonies, military posts, and settlements.

• The Church of England in the Chesapeake colonies was established by English authorities as the state religion.

  • Residents paid church support taxes and had to attend services.

5.2: Densersouthwest’odhamial and Political Patterns

• Most colonists continued to occupy the land traditionally in Europe.

  • Trade agriculture has, of course, been practiced in slave plants.

  • In some areas of the Northern Colonies, such as fertile Southeast Pennsylvania – known as North America's Breadbasket – and in rural districts in the colonial urban environment, including New York, Boston, and Quebec, the country also evolved.

• In their common border heritage, the colonial societies of North America of the 18th century also shared a number of assumptions.

  • European colonists came from Old World societies in which property-owned elites were scarce and monopolized.

  • They settled in a continent where land was largely abundant and affordable.

• In their childbearing years, colonial women typically bore 7 or more children.

  • And the colonists generally enjoyed good health and relatively low mortality, thanks to a wealth of food.

• There were great landowners, merchants and wealing professionals in the British colonies. In the British colonies.

  • Despite the lack of titles, wealthy planters and traders of Britain's colonies lived far more extravagantly than New France's seigneurs, or the border dons of Spain.

• The economic stagnation of New France and New Spain in the eighteenth century compared with the impressive economic growth of the British colonies were one of the major differences among North American colonial areas.

• The Spanish and French colonies administration was very centralized.

  • The Superior Council of French Canada was ruled.

5.3: The Cultural Transformation of British North America

• The Enlightenment is a simple label for a complex movement of many different thinking people.

  • But some things were shared by Enlightenment writers.

• As the idea of illumination gradually became popular, religious engagement seemed to decline, as Edwards was afraid.

  • In the southern part, by the 1730s, a church was only an adult in 15. In Chesapeake and the Lower South the Anglican establishment was institutionally weak, its ministers uninspired, and numerous families "unseen."

• Only one in five New England's belonged to a congregation during the second decade of the 18th century.

  • And among those churched there were an increasing number who questioned Calvinist election theology, the conviction that salvation was a consequence of the sovereign decree of God, that only a few men and women would receive the mercy of God.

• This widely spread colonial revival, later generations called the Great Wakening, was an American version of the Protestant Reformation's second stage.

• Both sides accused each other of heretics in New England, where these factions were called New Lights and Old Lights.

  • New Lights came as a "rationalist heretics" against Liberal theology and called for Calvinism to be resurrected.

• The new lights targeted small farmers and less prosperous craftspeople to draw the greatest strength.

  • Many members of the high class and the comfortable "means" saw revivalist excesses as signs of anarchy, and they committed themselves even more to rational religion.