Human Anatomy Lecture 1:

• “Gross Anatomy” are things you can see with your naked eye

• “What is Microscopic anatomy?” things you can’t see with your naked eye, Cytology and histology

• “Least complicated”

  • Chemicals create cells. Cells create tissues. Tissues create organs. Organs create organ system level. Organ system levels create an organism. Most complicated (tests are never timed. Read through the questions. The questions are never to complex)

• “Lecture order”:

  • Organ systems:

  • Integumentary system.

  • Skeletal system

  • Muscular system

  • Nervous system

  • Endocrine Systems

  • Cardiovascular System

  • Lymphatic System

  • Respiratory System

  • Digestive system

  • Urinary System

  • Reproductive System

• “Anatomical Position”

• Anatomical Position (these are helpful for comparing):

• Anterior/Ventral (towards the front of you body)

• Posterior/Dorsal (towards the back of your body)

• Superior Cranial/Rostral Cephalic (they all mean above/towards my head)

• Interior/Caudal (below/towards my

• Lateral (Away from my body)

• Medial (towards the core of my body)

• Proximal (in close proximity to the attachment)

• Distal (further away from the point of attachment)

• Superficial (shallow)

• Deep

• “Body Planes”:

• Frontal (coronal) plane

• It divides you into a front and back portion

• Midsagital (median) plane

• Dividing you into a left and right portion

• There are also sagittal ones that are not in the middle

• Transverse (horizontal plane)

• Divides us in half horisontally

• Oblique plane

• Slices you horizontally in half.

• “Know the lecture one slide 12 before the first quiz”

• Body Cavities

• “Cranial cavity”

  • Holds the brain

• “Vertebral cavity”

  • Has our spinal cord

• “Thoracic cavity”

• “Pericardial cavity”

  • Heart

• “Pleural cavity”

  • Lungs

• “Abdominopelvic cavity”

  • Upper right

  • Liver and gallbladderer

  • Top left

  • Stomach

  • Both of the bottoms have

  • Right

  • Appendix

  • Left

• “Tissue Membranes”:

  • “Mucous Membrane”

  • The lining of all your tubes

• “Serous Membrane”

  • They surround the body cavities

  • They are all two layers thick in between is fluid. The fluid helps reduce friction.

• “Three serous membrane”

  • Pericardium (around heart)

  • Pleura (around Lungs)

  • Peritoneum

• “Cutaneous membrane”

  • Another name for skin

• “Synovial membrane”

  • About joints

• “Embryology”

• “Prenatal Period”:

  • (first 38 weeks of human development) Doctors will tell people they are 40 weeks from birth. There is an imaginary two weeks.

• “Pre-embryonic period”

  • (weeks 1-2)

• “Embryonic period”

  • (week 3-8)

• “Fetal period”

  • (weeks 9-38)

• “Fimbria”

  • The fimbria is the end of the uterine tube. The two tubes take turns giving out eggs. The tube does not actually touch the fimbira.

• “The placenta”

  • is the only organ made by two people (baby and mother)

• How much is the cervix open?

  • “Only a couple days a month will the cervix be open”

• “Things to know”:

  • Ovulation is the process of the egg leaving the ovary. The egg is called the Oocyte. Fertilization is called day one. The genetic mutation will mix together and create a Zygote. Fertilization day one is usually happening in that tube. The cell division is called cleavage. The 16 cell stage is called a Morula. When it organizes itself into different regions it is a Blastocyst. Then it will begin implanting into the mom's uterine lining. Implantation happens between days 7 and 10. Implantation happens in the uterus.

• “Blastocyst”

• “Trophoblast:”

  • The ring around the lining is the trophoblast

• “Intercell mass”

  • The Intercell mass is what will be you

• “Blastocell”

  • The blastocell is the fluid-filled area

• “What are the things for trophoblast?”

  • The trophoblast can be into two things. Cytotrophoblact and Syncytiotrophoblast

• “Inner cell Mass”

  • It is starting to divide into a top layer and a bottom layer.

• “Bilaminar Disc (two layerd disc)”

  • Top Epiblast

  • Bottom is Hypoblast

• Sacs & Cavities:

• “Amnion”

  • this is what is around the baby

• “Yolk sac”

  • is what is giving the baby nutrients until the placenta

• “Embryonic Period” (Weeks 3-8)

• “The primitive streak”

  • has a little opening that starts forming.

• “Gastrulation”:

  • Results in the formation of ectoderm, mesoderm & endoderm- the three primary germ layers

• “Ectoderm, Mesoderm, Endoderm”

  • Some of the cells start moving through the streak and create three separate levels of cells. (Ectoderm, Mesoderm, Endoderm)

• “Body folding”

  • Goes through transverse folding

  • This creates a tube (this is your respiratory system + food)

• “Cephalocaudal folding”

  • Becomes fetal position shape

• “What does Ectoderm turn into"

  • Ectoderm becomes skin and nerves

• “What does the Mesoderm turn into"?”

  • Mesoderm Muscular, skeleton, heart kidney.

• “What does the Endoderm become?”

  • Endoderm Respiratory system and digestion

• “What is Neuralation?”

  • Neurulation is the process of forming nerves. A piece of the ectoderm is going to turn into a tube that is going to become that brain and spinal cord. The notochord is to tell that piece of ectoderm to turn into the spinal cord.

• “Organogenesis”

  • Organ development beginnings follow the gastrulation and body folding.

  • Upper and Lower limbs form

  • Rudimentary organ systems have developed by week 8 and the embryo is about one inch long

• The textbook is to be used like a really helpful wikipedia