Biology 1 - Mod 3 Cell Discovery
Discovery of the Cell
1590: Zacharias Janssen
First compound microscope
1665: Robert Hooke
Looked at cork under the microscope
Called the empty chambers he saw ‘cells’
1674: Matthias Schleidon
All plants are made from cells
1839: Theodor Schwann
All living things are made of cells
1855: Rudolf Virchow
New cells only come from existing cells
Cell Theory
All living things are made of 1 or more cells
Cells are the smallest units of function and structure in life
New cells are produced from existing cells
All cells have 4 things in common:
Cell membrane
DNA
Cytoplasm
Ribosomes
Types of Cells
Prokaryotes
Do NOT contain a membrane-bound nucleus/organelles
Have genetic information, but it isn’t stored in the nucleus.
Have the 4 things in common
Unicellular
Example: Bacteria (only remaining prokaryote)
Eukaryotes
Have a nucleus (contains the DNA)
Have organelles (little organs)
Unicellular or Multicellular
Examples: Plants, animals, fungi, and protists
Cell Specialization
a cell’s shape (structure) relates to what it does
Example: White blood cells change shape (fit through tight spaces and engulf invaders)
Cell Organization
Cell → Tissues → Organ → Organ System → Organism
Example: Muscle cell → smooth muscle → tissue → stomach organ → digestive system
Cell Membrane
Cell Membrane Structure
Phospholipid bilayer
Glycerol head and 2 fatty acid tails
2 layers
Cholesterol - Prevents fatty acid tails from sticking together, maintains flexibility
Carbohydrates - identify chemical signals
Biology 1 - Mod 3 Cell Discovery
Discovery of the Cell
1590: Zacharias Janssen
First compound microscope
1665: Robert Hooke
Looked at cork under the microscope
Called the empty chambers he saw ‘cells’
1674: Matthias Schleidon
All plants are made from cells
1839: Theodor Schwann
All living things are made of cells
1855: Rudolf Virchow
New cells only come from existing cells
Cell Theory
All living things are made of 1 or more cells
Cells are the smallest units of function and structure in life
New cells are produced from existing cells
All cells have 4 things in common:
Cell membrane
DNA
Cytoplasm
Ribosomes
Types of Cells
Prokaryotes
Do NOT contain a membrane-bound nucleus/organelles
Have genetic information, but it isn’t stored in the nucleus.
Have the 4 things in common
Unicellular
Example: Bacteria (only remaining prokaryote)
Eukaryotes
Have a nucleus (contains the DNA)
Have organelles (little organs)
Unicellular or Multicellular
Examples: Plants, animals, fungi, and protists
Cell Specialization
a cell’s shape (structure) relates to what it does
Example: White blood cells change shape (fit through tight spaces and engulf invaders)
Cell Organization
Cell → Tissues → Organ → Organ System → Organism
Example: Muscle cell → smooth muscle → tissue → stomach organ → digestive system
Cell Membrane
Cell Membrane Structure
Phospholipid bilayer
Glycerol head and 2 fatty acid tails
2 layers
Cholesterol - Prevents fatty acid tails from sticking together, maintains flexibility
Carbohydrates - identify chemical signals