unit 5b - ap psych

an individual's characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting.

\n theories that view personality with a focus on the unconscious and the importance of childhood experiences.

(1) Freud's theory of personality that attributes thoughts and actions to unconscious motives and conflicts. (2) Sigmund Freud's therapeutic technique used in treating psychological disorders. Freud believed the patient's free associations, resistances, dreams, and transferences—and the therapist's interpretations of them—released previously repressed feelings, allowing the patient to gain self-insight.

according to Freud, a reservoir of mostly unacceptable thoughts, wishes, feelings, and memories. According to contemporary psychologists, information processing of which we are unaware.

in psychoanalysis, a method of exploring the unconscious in which the person relaxes and says whatever comes to mind, no matter how trivial or embarrassing.

a reservoir of unconscious psychic energy that, according to Freud, strives to satisfy basic sexual and aggressive drives. The id operates on the pleasure principle, demanding immediate gratification.

the largely conscious, "executive" part of personality that, according to Freud, mediates among the demands of the id, superego, and reality. The ego operates on the reality principle, satisfying the id's desires in ways that will realistically bring pleasure rather than pain

the part of personality that, according to Freud, represents internalized ideals and provides standards for judgment (the conscience) and for future aspirations.

the childhood stages of development (oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital) during which, according to Freud, the id's pleasure-seeking energies focus on distinct erogenous zones.

according to Freud, a boy's sexual desires toward his mother and feelings of jealousy and hatred for the rival father.

the process by which, according to Freud, children incorporate their parents' values into their developing superegos.

(1) in cognition, the inability to see a problem from a new perspective; an obstacle to problem solving. (2) in personality theory, according to Freud, a lingering focus of pleasure-seeking energies at an earlier psychosexual stage, in which conflicts were unresolved.

in psychoanalytic theory, the ego's protective methods of reducing anxiety by unconsciously distorting reality.

in psychoanalytic theory, the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts, feelings, and memories.

Carl Jung's concept of a shared, inherited reservoir of memory traces from our species' history.

a personality test, such as the Rorschach, that provides ambiguous images designed to trigger projection of one's inner dynamics.

a projective test in which people express their inner feelings and interests through the stories they make up about ambiguous scenes.

the most widely used projective test; a set of 10 inkblots, designed by Hermann Rorschach; seeks to identify people's inner feelings by analyzing their interpretations of the blots.

a theory of death-related anxiety; explores people's emotional and behavioral responses to reminders of their impending death.

Maslow's pyramid of human needs, beginning at the base with physiological needs that must first be satisfied before higher-level safety needs and then psychological needs become active.

theories that view personality with a focus on the potential for healthy personal growth.

according to Maslow, one of the ultimate psychological needs that arises after basic physical and psychological needs are met and self-esteem is achieved; the motivation to fulfill one's potential.

according to Maslow, the striving for identity, meaning, and purpose beyond the self.

a caring, accepting, nonjudgmental attitude, which Carl Rogers believed would help clients develop self-awareness and self-acceptance.

all our thoughts and feelings about ourselves in answer to the question, "Who am I?"

a characteristic pattern of behavior or a disposition to feel and act in certain ways, as assessed by self-report inventories and peer reports.

a questionnaire (often with true-false or agree-disagree items) on which people respond to items designed to gauge a wide range of feelings and behaviors; used to assess selected personality traits.

the most widely researched and clinically used of all personality tests. Originally developed to identify emotional disorders (still considered its most appropriate use), this test is now used for many other screening purposes.

a test (such as the MMPI) created by selecting from a pool of items those that discriminate between groups.

views behavior as influenced by the interaction between people's traits (including their thinking) and their social context.

focuses on the effects of learning on our personality development.

the interacting influences of behavior, internal cognition, and environment.

in contemporary psychology, assumed to be the center of personality, the organizer of our thoughts, feelings, and actions.

overestimating others' noticing and evaluating our appearance, performance, and blunders (as if we presume a spotlight shines on us).

one's feelings of high or low self-worth.

one's sense of competence and effectiveness.

a readiness to perceive oneself favorably.

excessive self-love and self-absorption.

giving priority to one's own goals over group goals and defining one's identity in terms of personal attributes rather than group identifications.

giving priority to the goals of one's group (often one's extended family or work group) and defining one's identity accordingly.

fathered psychoanalytic perspective and oedipus complex

psychodynamic psychologist, proposed humans have a collective unconscious with shared, inherited reservoir of memory traces from our species’ history

fathered hierarchy of needs beginning with physiological needs all the way to self-actualization: fulfilling our potential

sought to describe personality in traits rather than explain why or how it develops

fathered social-cognitive perspective, emphasizes the interaction of the environment and how we think about situations

formed the personality theory, three components: self-worth, self-image, and ideal self