stat 2300 1.1-.3

the entities that we measure in a study

the entire group to be studied

the official count of a population, collecting data for every individual in a population

the subset of the population from which you are actually collecting data

numerical summary of a population (usually unknown without census)

a numerical summary of a sample

methods for summarizing the collected data (where the data constitute either a sample or a population). They describe data through tables, graphs, and numerical summaries such as averages or percentages. Overview of the data

methods that take a result from a sample, extend it to the population, and measure the reliability of the result. contains uncertainty bc a sample cannot tell all population

1st process of stat

2nd process of stat

3rd process of stat

4th process of stat

any characteristic of the individuals within the population

tells us what values it takes and how often it takes those values

observations take numerical values that represent different magnitudes of the variable

observation belongs to one of a set of categories

the variable name, label, or catagorize. the naming scheme does not allow for the values to be ranked or ordered.

the properties of the nominal level of measurement but allows the values to be ranked or ordered

the properties of the ordinal level of measurement but the differences in the values of the variable have meaning. zero doesn't not mean absence of the quantity. values can be subtracted or added

the properties of the interval level of measurement but the ratios of the values of the variable have meaning. zero doesn't mean absence of quantity. values can be meaningfully multiplied and divided.

qualitative

quantitative

researcher assigns the individuals in the study to certain experimental conditions and then observed the out ones on the response variable of interest

the experimental conditions imposed by the experimenter

the researcher observes and records the behavior of the individuals in the study without imposing any conditions on the study participants

a variable that is not among the explanatory or response variables in a study but that may influence the response variable (observational)

in observational studies you cannot claim ____ only _____

in experiments you can identify certain ____ and effect relationships amount the variables in the study

exhibits characteristics typical of those possessed by the population of interest

best to get representative sample

A sample of size n selected from the population in such a way that each possible sample of size n has an equal chance of being selected. (drawing names from hat)

A tool used to ensure unbiased sampling points are chosen.