Studied by 1 personindivisible atoms
Atomists "thought that matter was made of ________ and nothing existed between them.
matter
anything that occupies space and has mass
law of definite proportions
the law that states that the masses of chemical substances combine in definite, characteristic integer ratios when forming compounds
particle model of matter
a model that states that all physical matter exists in the form of particles (atoms or molecules) in constant motion
atom
the building block of all matter, consisting of protons, electrons, and (usually) neutrons
molecule
a distinct group of two or more covalently bonded together
pure substance
a material made of only one kind of element or compound; not a mixture
element
a pure substance that consists of atoms with the same atomic number
compound
a pure substance consisting of atoms of two or more different elements that are chemically combined
mixture
a physical combination of two or more substances (elements, compounds, or other mixtures) in a changeable ratio
heterogeneous mixture
a mixture that does not have uniform appearances since the combined are unevenly distributed
homogeneous mixture
a mixture that has a uniform appearance throughout
solid
the state of matter in which particles vibrate in fixed positions, giving a substance a fixed shaped and volume
Particle spacing
close
Particle motion
vibrating in space
Volume
fixed
Shape
fixed
Compressibility
low
Density
high
liquid
the state of matter in which particles are close together but able to move around
Particle spacing
close
Particle motion
able to slide past each other
Volume
fixed
Shape
changes to fill a container from the bottom
Compressibility
low
Density
between that of a solid and that of a gas
Viscosity
the attractive forces between the liquid particles determine the viscosity of a liquid (resistance to flowing)
gas
the state of matter in which particles are far apart, move rapidly, and have little interaction with each other
Particle spacing
widely spread
Particle motion
high speed
Volume
changes to fill the container
Shape
changes to fill the container
Compressibility
high
Density
low
Pressure
due to collisions with container surface
plasma
a gas-like state of matter, formed at very high temperatures, that consists of high-energy ions and free electrons
physical properties
anything a substance that can be observed or measures without altering the substances chemical composition
ductility
the ability of a solid material to be pulled into a wire
malleability
the ability of some solid materials to be hammered or pressed into sheets
conductivity
the ease with which a material allows the transfer of either electrical or thermal energy
luster
the quality of how a material reflects lights
physical changes
any change in matter that does not alter the composition of the substance
chemical properties
a property of a substance that describes how its chemical identity changes in the presence of another substance or under certain conditions
reactivity
the degree to which a material will react with other substances
flammability
the ability of a material to burn in the presence of oxygen
chemical changes
changes that alter the chemical composition of a substance
law of conservation
a fundamental natural law that states that matter can neither be created nor destroyed but can only change forms
melting
the change of state from solid to a liquid
melting point
the temperature at which a solid turns to a liquid
freezing
the change of state from a liquid to a solid
vaporization
the change of state from a liquid to a vapor (gas)
vaporization can occur in two ways
evaporation and boiling
evaporation
the relatively slow form of vaporization in which liquid particles obtain sufficient energy to change to the gaseous state through the random collisions of particles
boiling
the relatively fast form of vaporization in which the energy within a liquid creates higher pressure within the liquid than the air pressure outside the liquid
boiling point
the temperature at which a liquid starts to boil
condensation
the change of state from a vapor to a liquid
sublimation
the change in state directly from a solid to a gas (vapor) without melting first
deposition
the change in state directly from a gas (vapor) to a solid without condensing first
matter
anything that occupies space and has mass
law of definite proportions
the law that states that the masses of chemical substances combine in definite, characteristic integer ratios when forming compounds
particle model of matter
a model that states that all physical matter exists in the form of particles (atoms or molecules) in constant motion
atom
the building block of all matter, consisting of protons, electrons, and (usually) neutrons
molecule
a distinct group of two or more covalently bonded together
pure substance
a material made of only one kind of element or compound; not a mixture
element
a pure substance that consists of atoms with the same atomic number
compound
a pure substance consisting of atoms of two or more different elements that are chemically combined
mixture
a physical combination of two or more substances (elements, compounds, or other mixtures) in a changeable ratio
heterogeneous mixture
a mixture that does not have uniform appearances since the combined are unevenly distributed
homogeneous mixture
a mixture that has a uniform appearance throughout
solid
the state of matter in which particles vibrate in fixed positions, giving a substance a fixed shaped and volume
liquid
the state of matter in which particles are close together but able to move around
Viscosity
resistance to flowing
Pressure
due to collisions with container surface
plasma
a gas-like state of matter, formed at very high temperatures, that consists of high-energy ions and free electrons
physical properties
anything a substance that can be observed or measures without altering the substance’s chemical composition
ductility
the ability of a solid material to be pulled into a wire
malleability
the ability of some solid materials to be hammered or pressed into sheets
conductivity
the ease with which a material allows the transfer of either electrical or thermal energy
luster
the quality of how a material reflects lights
physical changes
any change in matter that does not alter the composition of the substance
chemical properties
a property of a substance that describes how its chemical identity changes in the presence of another substance or under certain conditions
reactivity
the degree to which a material will react with other substances
flammability
the ability of a material to burn in the presence of oxygen
chemical changes
changes that alter the chemical composition of a substance
law of conservation
a fundamental natural law that states that matter can neither be created nor destroyed but can only change forms
melting
the change of state from solid to a liquid
melting point
the temperature at which a solid turns to a liquid
freezing
the change of state from a liquid to a solid
vaporization
the change of state from a liquid to a vapor (gas)
evaporation
the relatively slow form of vaporization in which liquid particles obtain sufficient energy to change to the gaseous state through the random collisions of particles
boiling
the relatively fast form of vaporization in which the energy within a liquid creates higher pressure within the liquid than the air pressure outside the liquid
condensation
the change of state from a vapor to a liquid
sublimation:
the change in state directly from a solid to a gas (vapor) without melting first
deposition
the change in state directly from a gas (vapor) to a solid without condensing first
Note
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