A2.2 Cell Organelles

no membrane, single membrane, or double membrane: mitochondria

no membrane, single membrane, or double membrane: vesicles

no membrane, single membrane, or double membrane: chloroplast

no membrane, single membrane, or double membrane: nucleus

no membrane, single membrane, or double membrane: smooth ER

no membrane, single membrane, or double membrane: lysosomes

no membrane, single membrane, or double membrane: vacuoles

no membrane, single membrane, or double membrane: ribosomes

no membrane, single membrane, or double membrane: rough ER

no membrane, single membrane, or double membrane: Golgi apparatus

no membrane, single membrane, or double membrane: centrioles

no membrane, single membrane, or double membrane: microtubules

no membrane, single membrane, or double membrane: proteasomes

no membrane, single membrane, or double membrane: nucleoli

no membrane, single membrane, or double membrane: amyloplasts

no membrane, single membrane, or double membrane: chromoloplasts

breaks down sugars to produce ATP via aerobic cellular respiration and digests fat

space between outer and inner membrane of mitochondria

space inside inner membrane full of fluid where Krebs Cycle occurs

folds of inner membrane of mitochondria

ATP synthase is located on the surface of what?

rounded single membrane sacs with materials moving inside them; they’re continuously made, moved, and merged

protein that helps the membrane form a bubble to pinch off in order to form a vesicle

stacks of thylakoids forming grana that is surrounded by stroma; contains pigments that have excitable electrons and performs photosynthesis

system of internal membranes (disks) in chloroplast

stack of thylakoids in chloroplast

fluid around thylakoids in chloroplast

double membrane container with pores that holds the DNA which holds the info to what proteins that cell is capable of making

branched network of tubules and circles/ovals that is made of cisternae but has no ribosomes bound to it; makes lipids, phospholipids, and steroids and can store calcium ions

sacs of smooth ER

stores ions/compartmentalization in smooth ER

“watch dogs of the cells” that constrains enzymes to break down food, foreign invaders, and other organelles, basically functioning as the digestive system of the cell

storage bubble that stores nutrients, waste, and water; found in some eukaryotic cells and is very large in plant cells

synthesize protein to work in the cytoplasm and enzymes; found in ER and cytoplasm, except for free ones that float around in cytoplasm making proteins that could be used as enzymes or have specialized functions

The more similar two organisms’ proteins are, the more ____ their DNA

network of cisterna that contains ribosomes and is involved in transporting proteins that are made by these ribosomes; membrane is flexible and pinch off into vesicles with proteins inside to transport them along microtubules

Each vesicle in the rough ER contains what built by ribosomes?

flattened membrane sheets in rough ER

stack of cisternae with no ribosomes but many vesicles around it that processes and modifies proteins from the ER and packages them into vesicles, many of which are for secretion

Which organelle is responsible for making lysosomes?

theory that vesicles from rough ER coalesce to form new cisternae on the cis side and move through the Golgi until they reach the trans side where they pinch off into a vesicle

theory that molecules in transit are moved through the cisternae in sequence, carried by transport vesicles

move materials around the cell (organelles, chromosomes, protein fragments)

form the anchor point for other microtubules to attach to during cell division

provide movement of either the cell or the fluids surrounding the cell (hint: there’s two)

found in plants, they’re a family of organelles with two outer membranes and internal membrane sacs

a rigid layer outside the plasma membrane to strengthen and protect the cell; made of chitin in fungi and made of cellulose in plants

in animals, they expel excess water, digest food, etc.; in fungi and plants, they’re used for storage and pressurizing the cell

in animals, it’s used to construct the spindle that moves chromosomes and cilia and flagella; in fungi and plants, it’s at the base of the flagellum

cilia and flagella

present in many animal cells; not present in fungi and plants except when they have male gametes that swim using flagella