AP Gov Unit 1 Vocab

The Senate can suggest appointees and must formally approve most presidential appointments (a check on power)

Those who opposed the consolidation of the states under a federal gov’t

Political power belonged largley to state gov’ts with a weaker national gov’t

Two-house legislature

Amendments that include the essential rights understood at the time and several temporarily lost under the British

Ways that each branch of the gov’t can limit the others

Empowers the Congress to “regulate commerce with other nations, and among the several states”

Provided moral and legal justification for the rebellion and laid the foundation for a new government

States could decide how their electors would be chosen. Each state would have the same number of electors that they had representatives in Congress, and the people would vote for the electors

Elected representatives make decissions and act as trustees for the people who elected them. It recognizes and inequality in the spread of power.

Article 1, Section 8 of the constitution, it includes the power to tax, borrow money, raise an army, create a postel system, address piracy on the seas, define the immigration and naturalization process and a few others.

Obligates states to deliver captured fugitives back to the state where they commited the original crime

85 essays written by Hamilton, Madison, & Jay supporting the Constitution

The sharing of powers b/t the national & state governments

Those who supported the proposed constitutional structure, a strong fed. gov’t & full ratification

Part of Article IV of the Constitution. Requires each state to give full faith and credit “to the public acts, records and judicial proceedings of every other state”

A proposal of a two-house congress composed of a HoR and Senate. House seats were based on population while Senate seats would be given 2 to a state regardless of size

One house of Congress. Seats are given based on State population

An accusation of wrongdoing. HoR impeaches, then Senate holds trial. (2/3rds majority)

Established in Marbury v. Madison. It allows a court to invalidate laws acts etc.

Grants Congress implied powers as they can make all laws which shall be deemed necessary and proper

Assured states their sovreignty through a national gov’t with limited and defined powers + equal representation

The direct participation of many, if not most people in a society. Broad involvement of citizens in politics

People with widely varying intrests find others who share their intrests and form groups.

The people as the ultimate ruling authority

States people are protected from the federal gov’t and “misconstruction or abuse of its power”

A collection of sovreign states gathered for the national intrest, national need, and national defense.

Citizens elect leaders for a limited period of time; the leaders’ job is to make and execute laws in the public intrest

Amendment 10 > powers not delegated to the US by the Const. nor prohibited to states are reservced to the states or people

VP is President of the Sentate > Pres Pro Tempore > Majority-Minority leaders > Majority-Minority Whip.. Duties inclide: Finance (spending and budget), oversee the millitary, guides US foreign policy, confirms judges; oversees courts, and addresses farming, food and nature.

The framers assigned the legislative, executive, and judicial branches distinct responsibilities to dilute power

The agreement of free and equal people to abandon certain natural rights in order to find secure protections for society

Places national law, treaties and presidential action above state authority

The northern and southern delegates agreed to count only 3 of every 5 enslaved persons to determine representation in the House for those states with slaves

A three-branch system with a bicameral legislature and made the national gov’t supreme over the states

Required public sector buildings and transportation systems be accessible for disabled individuals

Federal money given to states for broadly defined reasons

Grants with particular congressional guidelines or requirements

Soe powers held by authorities at both levels, state and federal

A system of gov’t in which powers and policy assignments are shared between states and the nat. gov’t

Powers specifically granted to the federal gov’t in Article I, Section 8 of the Constitution

Transferring responsibility for policies from the federal gov’t to state and local gov’ts

A system of gov’t in which both states and the national gov’t remain supreme within their own spheres, each responsible for some policies

Pattern of spending, taxing and providing grants in the federal system

Federal grants to state and local governments (have grown rapidly)

Powers not listed in the Constitution specifically but deriving from the Elastic Clause

Direct state gov’ts to comply with federal rules under threat of penalties or as a condition of reciept of a federal grant

Ruled that the fed. gov’t has implied powers and supremacy under the necessary and proper clause and the supremacy clause

A way for state and local gov’ts to have greater control over the solutions to problems. Related to devolution

The constitutional theory that individual states can invalidate federal laws or judicial decisions they deem unconstitutional

Article IV, Section II of Constitution requires states to give citizens of each state the priviligs of citizens of other states

Congress collecting federal taxes, revenudes and distributes these funds to the states to take care of particular national concerns

Interprets the constitution in its original context

Usually on categorical grants they are conditions of aid

“the powers not delegated to the US by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the states, are reserved to the states respectively, or to the people”

A governing system in which a single central gov’t has total power over all of its other political subdivisions

Ruled that Congress doesn’t have the authority under the commerce clause to outlaw guns near school

A violent tax protest in the US over the whiskey tax. Allowed the new gov’t under the constitution to establish its federal authority for the first time