Social Psychology: Chapter 8-10 Review

Two or more people who for longer than a few moments, interact with and influence each other and perceive one another as "we" or "us"

• Need to affiliate

• Need to achieve

• Need for social identity

• Belonging

• Intimacy

• Generativity

• Support

• Influence

• Exploration

To be included in an interpersonal network, providing members with sense of inclusion and security

To be in proximity, for warm, supportive, loving relationships with others

To be more productive and efficient than as a member than as an individual, accomplishing tasks that could not be completed alone

To be aided with minor/major life crisis by providing assistance, emotional and tangible resources

To exercise and apply social power and __, offering individuals the means to __ greater numbers of individuals

To be provided with information, new ideas and new experiences, providing opportunities for learning

Strengthening of dominant responses in presence of others, boosting performance on easy tasks and well learned tasks

EX) Home Court Advantage

People exerting less effort when they pool their efforts towards a common goal than when they're individually accountable

• Diffusion of responsibility

• Reduced evaluation apprehension

Loss of self awareness; a self conscious state in which attention focuses on oneself and makes people more sensitive to their own attitudes and dispositions

AKA Group Polarization; enhancement of members' preexisting tendencies, a strengthening of member's average tendency

• Informational Influence

• Normative Influence

• Pluralistic Ignorance

Consensus in group decisions that suppresses dissent in the interest of group harmony

• Cohesion of the group

• Isolation of group from dissenting viewpoints

• Directive leader/Dictative leader

• Decision stress

• Illusion of invulnerability

• Strong belief in group's morality

• Rationalization

• Group has stereotyped view of opponent

• Conformity pressure

• Self censorship

• Illusion of unamity

• Mind guards

Self Censorship is not saying your opinion because it doesn't align with the group. Mind Guards are people who knowingly withhold information that could add to or dissuade the argument.

• Appointing a Devil's Advocate

• Impartiality

• Encourage critical evaluation

• Occasionally divide the group, then reunite to air differences

• Welcome input from outside experts

• Call a second-chance meeting

• Consistency in presentation of the message

• Self confidence in message

• Defections from the majority

Organize work, set standards, focus on goals

Delegate authority, encouraging input from the group

Inspires followers at a deep personal level; charisma

Unearned, favored, State acquired power by a group or groups in a society

Attitude

Beliefs

Behavior

Social attitudes and discrimination towards people of a given sex

Social attitudes and discriminatory Behavior people of a given race

Develops socially to where we have favoritism to the group you are assigned without any other connections

Motivation to have one's group dominate other social groups

Values and attitudes learned from family and culture

Taking anger and frustration out on the cause of the frustration if possible and if unsuccessful displacing that anger towards a less-threatening target, like minorities

Prejudice arises from groups competing for scarce resources

Feeling superior to others

Favor towards one's own group

View out-group members as more similar to one another than in group members

Belief people get what they deserve and deserve what they get, contributes to victim-blaming

Proposition that stigmatized group members are aware that they are stereotyped and when in achievement settings they fear confirming those stereotypes

Physical and/or verbal behaviors intended to cause harm

Genetic Factors Instinct Theory Neural Influences Biochem Influences

Distorts perceptions of sexual reality Increases aggression against women Desensitizes us to violence Provides a social script Alters perception of the world Cognitive priming of aggression Disinhibits viewers Increased arousal Decrease prosocial behavior Decrease empathy/helping

Diffusion of responsibility Polarization Social Identity Reduced inhibition Less self awareness Less evaluation apprehension

Male Aggressive prone personality Alcohol use Violence viewing Anonymity Provocation Presence of weapons Group interaction

The mere presence of weapons increases aggressive thoughts and behaviors

Typically a physical object or context associated with aggressive acts that by existing increases violent thoughts/behaviors

Acting aggressively or even viewing aggression is an effective way to purge angry and aggressive feelings

Suggests that social behavior is learned by observing and imitating the behavior of others