2.3- Periodic Table and Periodic Law

compiled a list of known elements in the 1700s → established organization of substances based off of natural elements

proposed elements to be arranged by increasing atomic mass

properties are repeated every 8th element (1 and 8, 2 and 9)

connected properties and mass

predicted existence of unknown elements and their properties

rearranged table by atomic number and found a clear pattern

repetition of chemical and physical properties while mass increases

every spot on the periodic table is _______ placed

elements in the s and p block that possess a wide variety of chemical and physical properties

the point of electron dot configuration is to _____ energy

elements that are generally shiny when smooth and clean, solid at room temp, and conduct heat

all elements in group one (besides hydrogen) that are very reactive

group 2 elements

the d block

the f block- lanthanodes and actinodes

gases or brittle, poor conductors of heat and electricity

group 17 → highly reactive

group 18 → extremely unreactive → full outer shell

hybrids of metals and nonmetals

thinking of atoms as balloons

what is atomic size influenced by

for metals, radius is ___the distance between the nuclei of identical atoms

decrease in radius from…

increase in radius from…

layers of electrons that protect valence electrons from the pull of the nucleus

as positive charge increases, shields …

atomic radius increases down a group because ___ size increases

no shielding occurs due to … attraction without extra layers

where the world’s largest star was at one point

releasing energy by forcing hydrogen to fuse together

what ignites self-sustaining fusion

igniting a fusion reaction that emits more energy than put in

lasers amplify by racing…

diamond shells require extreme…

fusion achieved temperatures hotter than the…

to make widespread, plants need to ___ factors immensely

__ fusion per day to __ fusions per second

atoms or bonded group of atoms with a positive or negative charge

atoms can get smaller due to the loss of a ___ (leaves an empty outer orbital)

what the addition of an electron increases

negative ions start with group…

why do negative ions start with group fifteen

what comes after C

energy requirement to remove an electron from a gaseous atom

effective nuclear charge

energy to remove the first electron (easiest due to lack of pull)

positive ions

negative ions

the attraction of an electron to the pull of the nucleus

group that wants to lose an electron desperately

group that wants to gain an electron desperately

gold cant be seen with the…

for every ton of rocks there is ___ of gold

prevents molten gold from reaction

element that is used in almost everything