HUM 3020/CGS 500 Test 1

She represents the French Republic. She's on the stamp.

Gabriel Attal

Emmanuel Macron

Nickname for the French flag

La république française = the French national motto

"Vive la France" a proud animal

The shape France is know as

The largest country in the EU

50 countries

overseas department of France

Territory of France

France has 12 timezones

Mainland France has 12 regions, which are divided into departments

France is divided into 101 departments. (Antibes is in the 06 Alpes Maritimes department)

1-95 departments

96 Department

97-101 departments

There are 29 countries where French is an official language.

• Le Massif Central (centre)

• Le Massif Armoricain (west)

• Le Bassin Aquitain (south-west)

• La Plaine d'Alsace (north-east)

Climates: Oceanic, Mediterranean, Continental, & Mountain

Seasons: Winter, Spring, Summer, Fall

The English Channel

The Mediterranean Sea

The Atlantic Ocean

• La Seine

• La Loire

• La Garonne

• Le Rhône

• Le Rhin (partially French)

Clovis

l’exposition Universelle en 1889. The Eiffel Tower was built in 1889.

French characteristics derive from the cultural point of view given by family and school.

France has a civilizing mission and sees itself as the "keeper" of human rights, democracy, and freedom of thinking.

France, as a human being, has had a birth, a childhood, and an adulthood.

La Gaule

Paris was formerly known as Lutetia until the early 4th century.

The languages were a mix of Latin and Celtic (Langue d’Oc and Langue d’Oil)

The Roman Empire ruled La Gaule from 1 BC to 5 AD.

Semi-nomadic Celts since at least 600 BC. The Celts settled in the lands of Gaul in the 4th century BC. The Celts are the origin of the Gauls. (They were temperamentally unstable, unpredictable, and barbaric).

The Gauls originate from the Celts and are the ancestors of the French. The Gauls are made up of more than 500 ununited tribes, speaking different languages and their own cultures.

The Roman Empire influenced the architecture (roads, aqueducts, and amphitheaters), local culture, religion (locals converted to Christianity), and the history.

Lyon

In 486 AD, the Franks defeated the last Roman authority in Gaul at the Battle of Soissons.

The Merovingians, the first Kings of France, ruled most of Gaul after the fall of the Roman Empire.

Clovis I was the religious and political founder of the Frankish kingdom. He unified the Franks.

The Franks

The Franks were a grouping of Germanic peoples who lived in the Kingdom of the Franks (as early as the 5th century including modern day Belgium and France).

The Franks were the first kings of these territories, along with the Merovingian (5-8th century) and Carolingian (8-10th century) dynasties.

• Clovis I, born a pagan, converted to Christianity

• Clovis I Christianizes his kingdom, which spans from modern Belgium and France

• Clovis I established Paris as the capital of France

• Clovis I unified the Franks

France had a pattern of unification and division.

• Charlemagne united most of Western Europe for the first time since the fall of the Roman Empire under his rule with the power of the sword

• Charlemagne was the first emperor of the Holy Roman Empire

• He supported education by establishing schools and promoting literacy throughout his kingdom (wanted his people to be literate)

• He conquered many lands and was known as the warrior king

• He protected the papacy

• He facilitated a cultural (art, architecture) and intellectual (scholarship, literature) Carolingian renaissance with long-lasting effects

Charlemagne was part of the Carolingian dynasty.

Hugues Capet was regarded as the founder of the Capetian dynasty.

Hugh/Hugues Capet was part of the Capetian dynasty.

The Direct Capetians/House of Capet ruled France from 987-1328. Afterward, the kingdom was ruled by cadet branches of the dynasty.

The Middle Ages were the period extending from about 500 to 1470. It was the period marked by economic and territorial expansion, demographic and urban growth.

Louis IX (9th) or Saint Louis

• The wars of religion were prominent

• Henri IV converts France to Catholicism, ending the Wars of Religion, bringing about unity and prosperity.

• Henri IV signed the Edict of Nantes in 1598, granting the Protestants of France rights in a nation predominantly Catholic.

• There were many châteaus, like the Château of Fontainebleau where Maria De Medici and Henri IV lived.

• The Enlightenment marked the fall of the monarchy

• Les Grandes Écoles were the driving force of French education

• the 7 Years War (1756-1763) took place between France and Great Britain

TRUE —> The Enlightenment occurred during the 18th century with figures like “Voltaire, Montesquieu, and Rousseau making Paris the intellectual capital of the world during that time” (Kinnuverse 2024).