Chapter 5: Light and Matter

The wavelengths of light that are absorbed by the sample are sorted out and displayed as either a function of absorbance or transmittance.

A device that selects one particular wavelength to be exposed to the sample.

The number of waves that passes a given point in 1s.

________ can also be used to determine the amount of a substance in a mixture.

________ are ionized prior to entering the quadrupole zone, so that they have a charge and can be isolated in the tuned quadrupole zone.

Substances are analyzed in the vapor phase.

Uses a set of mirrors that direct the IR source light at the sample at an oblique angle to the surface of the material, which then absorbs some of the light.

Radio waves and the carrier wave are separated.

________ is used when the material being analyzed has a large number of elements that are being analyzed such as an unknown metallic material or sometimes an automotive paint chip.

________ can be accomplished using either amplitude (AM) or frequency (FM)

This occurs when a substance absorbs energy and then emits it in the form of visible light.

It is the measurement of the interaction of infrared radiation with matter by absorption, emission, or reflection.

An energy level where an electron resides.

It refers to the various forms of energy in the form of waves.

A(n) ________ that causes electron promotion in atoms and molecules is in the UV /visible region of the electromagnetic spectrum.

Enables an evaluation of colors to be made objectively using UV- visible transmittance profiles.

In ________, the glass is digested and is transformed into an aerosol by a nebulizer that breaks up the sample into very small droplets.

A molecular spectroscopic technique that utilizes the interaction of light with matter to gain insight into a material's make up or characteristics, like FTIR.

An ionization method in which energetic electrons interact with solid or gas phase atoms or molecules to produce ions.

The ________ is measured as the chemical shifts of the emitted photons- which is the difference in energy between the incident photon and the inelastically scattered emitted photon.

A(n) ________ can be designed as a detector for a gas chromatograph or liquid chromatograph.

The ions are accelerated through a curved magnetic field toward the detector.

When a substance is exposed to ________, it will absorb certain photons of particular energy.

________ are usually some type of thermocouple- a device that converts heat into electricity.

TThe computer stores the wavelength and corresponding electric current and then, when the entire spectrum has been obtained, will construct a graph of wavelength versus intensity of transmitted light.

________ is very sensitive but the analyte must be vaporized and a separate experiment must be done for each element.

Radio waves are transported through the air to the radio receiver by a carrier wave.

________ is routinely used in the analysis of drugs, paints, inks and dyes, and fibers.

________ is a practically universal technique for the analysis of evidence.

When a substance is exposed to ________, it undergoes changes that may or may not be reversible and which depend upon the energy of the radiation.

It refers to the various forms of energy in the form of waves

The distance between corresponding points on two adjacent waves

The number of waves that passes a given point in 1s

Frequency can also be expressed in other units, called __________.

tiny packets of energy

When absorbed by matter, this type of light causes bonds between atoms in a molecule to vibrate like two weights on either end of a spring

These have very long wavelengths and thus very low frequencies and relatively little energy

Adevice that selects one particular wavelength to be exposed to the sample

The computer can also convert this to the wavelength versus amount of light absorbed by the sample

the visible region of the electromagnetic spectrum holds information that defines product color

Uses a set of mirrors that direct the IR source light at the sample at an oblique angle to the surface of the material, which then absorbs some of the light

Uses a special crystal that is brought into direct contact with the sample

the energy of the scattered photon is the same as that of the incident or absorbed photon

the energy of the scattered photon can be greater or less than that of the incident one

an ionization method in which energetic electrons interact with solid or gas phase atoms or molecules to produce ions

relies on gas-phase chemical reactions that take place between the analyte of interest and ions generated from a reagent gas

uses a laser to ionize the analyte

The matrix absorbs the laser energy and transfers it to the analyte

the ions are accelerated through a curved magnetic field toward the detector

separate ions by their mass and pass them to a detector, where they are counted

the ions are accelerated by a magnetic field of known strength

substances are analyzed in the vapor phase

this is not as sensitive as AA and it is analytical technique used for the quantification of metal atoms by measuring the intensity of light emitted by the atoms in excited states