Biology EOC Review

A picture of organized chromosomes (All lions have the same _________)

How much energy is transferred to the next trophic level?

Pros

• Shows only one path of energy

• It can show where things may go wrong if one species is removed

Cons

• Misconception that certain consumers only eat one species

Pros

• Shows all relations in an ecosystem

• You can see how the removal of one species could affect the entire ecosystem

Cons

• Misconception created that organisms at the top eat everything in the ____ ___

What animal is the energy flowing to?

Pros

• Shows how much energy is being passed on

• Shows a low number of animals

Cons

• You can’t display more than 4 trophic levels

What Process is being shown?

On what land does primary succession occur?

What organisms are colonizers?

barren land is first colonized by plants (No nutrients in the beginning)

What process is being shown?

when a climax community or intermediate community is impacted by a disturbance.

the “endpoint” of succession

each community that changes is called a _____ _________

The climax community developed from a deflected succession

Big arrangements of molecules that create energy to survive (come from food)

Made of small molecules

• Saccharide

• Glucose

Small molecules made into large chains

• Polysaccharides

• Starch

• Cellulose

• Glycogen

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen (CHO)

Structural - Plants make cellulose for cell wall

Energy - Quick E Glucose/Glycogen

Storage of Energy:

• Animals - Glycogen

• Plants - Starch

Saccharide (Glucose)

Polysachharide (Glycogen)

Helps regulate blood glucose

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Phosphorus, Nitrogen (CHOPN)

• Phospholipid (makes cellular membrane)

• Glycolipid (Lipids with carbs)

• Cholesterol (Fluidity of cell membrane)

Energy Storage

Cell protection

Cell Signals

Glycerol & Fatty Acids

• Fats

• Oils

• Waxes

• Steroids

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Sulfur (CHONPS)

Do the cells work to maintain life

• Enzyme

• Energy storage

• Motion

• Cell to cell signaling

• Immune system

Amino Acid (20)

Polypeptide

Nucleotides (A,T,C,G)

• Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, Guanine

Sugar + Phosphate

Nucleotides

All the info for inheritance

Instructions to make proteins

• Double Stranded

• Deoxyribose sugars

• Uses Thymine

• Single stranded

• Ribose sugars

• Uses Uracil intead of Thymine

What Macromolecule is this?

What Macromolecule is Shown?

What macromolecule is this?

What Macromolecule is shown?

What macromolecule is tested with a paper bag?

What macromolecule is tested with benedicts solution?

What macromolecule is tested with biurets solution?

What macromolecule is tested with iodine solution?

What color will the paper bag turn if lipids are present?

What color will the benedicts solution turn if simple carbs are present?

What color will the biuret solution turn if proteins are present?

What color will the iodine solution turn if complex carbs are present?

Caused by a lightning strike, fix nitrogen from the atmosphere to the soil in a form plants can use

Bacteria in root nodules of legume plants fix nitrogen from the atmosphere to the soil in a form plants can use

Bacteria aren’t a part of the plant, they live on the eplant

Animal waste contains nitrogen compounds that combine with soil

Happens when organisms die and decay. Bacteria release nitrogen in organisms into soil

Nitrogen in the soil is converted by bacteria and released into the atmosphere

Plants uptake nitrogen from the soil, connect nitrogen in soil to plants

Must get nitrogen from plants; connect plants to herbivores

• Increases speed of the rate of chemical reactions

• Lowers activation energy

• Catalyst

The energy needed to start a chemical reaction

Molecule(s) that the enzyme bind to

Specific place on enzyme where substrates bind

The enzyme changes shape and can no longer function

The constant internal balance the body tries to maintain

Organisms that obtain energy from the sun

Any organism on a trophic level that isn’t a producer or a decomposer

Organisms that break down and eat decaying material for energy

Resource or condition that affects the growth of a population in an ecosystem

Non-living components that affect organisms (sunlight, temperature, water)

Living things or materials that affect organisms (plants, animals, bacteria, fungi)

The biotic and abiotic factors that make up an area

Amount of organisms an environment can support

Limit determined by availability of resources and interactions between other organisms

1. Heat to seperate strands of DNA

2. Two DNA strands are cooled and joined by primers

3. Make more copies of DNA using DNA Polymerase

A species’ place and role in an ecosystem, including where it lives and how it gets the resources it needs to survive

Mammals with four-chambered stomachs

1. Respond ot their environment

2. Grow and Develop

3. Reproduce

4. Maintain Homeostasis

5. Have complex chemistry (metabolism)

6. Consist of Cells

Similar species being able to coexist because of slight differences in each one’s niche

The process of forming new somatic cells

Cells that aren’t sex cells

Stage of mitosis where the chromosomes condense and become visible, but are still tangled together

Stage of mitosis in which chromosomes move to the center and line up

Stage of mitosis where the chromosomes are being pulled to opposite sides of the cell

Stage of mitosis where each group of chromosomes are at either end of the cell and unravel into their previous state

Stage of mitosis where the cytoplasm divides between the newly forming nuclei

State of non-dividing cells

Organisms that make their own food

Organisms that can’t make their own food and consume other organisms

Carbon Dioxide, water, light energy

Oxygen + Sugar

What is C₆H₁₂O₆?

The general term describing the processes carried out to acquire and use energy

A process in which glucose (sugar) is partially broken down by cells in enzyme reactions that do not need oxygen

a chain of reactions occurring in the mitochondria, through which almost all living cells produce energy in aerobic respiration

Energy carrying molecule found in all organisms

Lactic Acid + Alcohol/Ethanol

The process of turning light energy into glucose

a species that has a disproportionately large effect on its natural environment relative to its abundance

Changes in size when new members join or leave

• Number of births per 1000 in a given time period

• Most common way of joining a population

Number of deaths per 1000 for a given time period

Joining a population