chapter 4, test

microscopy is…

____ has been crucial to the understanding of cells and their processes

two important parameters in microscopy?

what is the enlargement of the specimen

what is the clarity of the specimen

the light microscope uses _____ to pass through a specimen and glass lenses

what is an advantage of the light microscope?

the light microscope cannot resolve finer than approximetaly_____(one bacteria cell)

the light microscope can magnify effectively about ____ the size of the specimen

the transmission electron microscope uses a _____to produce an image

TEM can reveal details of ____ _____ such as organelles in cells

specimen are DEAD dead due to prep methods in what TWO microscopes

In TEM, cells must be _______

in TEM, cells are stained with__

TEM can leave ______ on specimen viewed

SEM uses a beam of electrons to_______

SEM produces a detailed ____ of the surface of the specimen

SEM specimen are coated with a_____

cell fractionation is important because____

prokaryotic cells contain DNA in a ______- a no membrane bound nucleus

prokaryotes are ___ than eukaryotes

eukaryotic cells contain DNA in a ____

eukaryotic cells DO contain this while prokaryotic cells DO NOT

eukaryotic cells are _____than prokaryotic cells

minimum size a cell can be in order to_________ and _________ to carry out life processes

maximum amount of ___________________ for a celle to have substances enter and leave the cell at a sufficient rate

in compartmentalization- provides different local environments for specific metabolic functions which are _______ with one another

in compartmentalization- _____________________ in the membranes around organelles that help them with their functions

the nucleus is usually the ______organelle

Nucleus contains ______of eukaryotic cells

Nucleus- genes are in form of______

nucleus enclosed by a double membrane called the ______

nuclear envelope has openings called _____

in the center of the nucleus is another structure called the ____

the nucleous is responsible for ___________

ribosomes are made of ___

ribosomes consist of ___________________ that snap together during protein synthesis

cells that generate many proteins have more ribosomes. ex:

ribosomes are the most___

free ribosomes are found____

ribosomes make proteins to be _____

bound ribosomes are found _________

Rough ER make proteins to be used _______

form the boundary of the cell;acts as a selective barrier allowing certain materials to pass but not others

the entire region between the nucleus and the cell membrane; consists of cytosol

contains most of the genes that control the eukaryotic cell; generally the most conspicuous organelle in a eukaryotic cell; contains the nucleolus and chromatin

where the components of the ribosomes are made and assembled; found in the nucleus

chromatin

double membrane that forms the boundary between the nuclear contents and the cytoplasm; perforated with pores

site of protein synthesis; suspended in the cytosol; produces proteins for the use within the cell

site of protein synthesis; attached to the outside surface of the endoplasmic reticulum; produces proteins for use outside the cell or for use in the cell membrane

synthesizes lipids including phospholipids and steroids; metabolizes carbohydrates; detoxifies durgs and poisons; stores calcium ions

consists of flattened membranous sacs; receives transport vesicles from the ER and the modifies those ER products; produces certain molecules; produces lysosomes and secretory vesicles

channels proteins to transport vesicles; attaches carbohydrate to some proteins; involved in membrane production through the production of vesicles

transport vesicles

carries golgi modified products to the cell membrane; fuses with the cell membrane releasing the contents to outside the cell

membrane bound sac of hydrolytic enzymes; enzymes are used to digest food, other molecules, and old, worn out cell parts

membrane bound sacs; larger than vesicles and store materials

site of cellular respiration; produces ATP from sugars, fats, and other fuels

site of photosynthesis; produce food using light energy, CO2 and H2O

contains enzymes that transfer hydrogen from substrates to oxygen producing H2O2; detoxifies alcohol; contains enzymes(catalase) that convert H2O2 to H20 and O2

paired structures found in animal cells; consist of microtubules in a 9+0 arrangement; involved in cell division

consist of DNA and proteins

tightly coiled

condensed

dispersed

uncoiled

decondensed

consist of 2 subunits

composed of rRNA and proteins

produce proteins for use within the cell

suspended in the cytosol

produce proteins for export

attached to rough ER

make up spindle fibers,centrioles, cilia, and flagella

made of tubulin

straight, hollow tubes

involved in cell transport

provide tracts for organelle movement

involved in muscle contraction and localized cell contractions

form 3D support network just inside the cell membrane

solid rods made of actin

can divide an animal cell in two by forming a contractile ring

produces cytoplasmic streaming

composition varies

more permanent and intermediate in diameter

reinforces cell shape and may fix organelle position

what do animal cells contain that plant cells do not?

what do plant cells contain that animal cells do not?

the microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules make up___

how do plant and animal cells differ?

how are plant and animal cells similar?

large numbers of ribosomes are present in cells that specialize in producing which of the following molecules?

what is a common route for proteins in the endomembrane system(produced from bound ribosomes)

which of the following is one of the main energy transformers of cells?

what is not found in a prokaryotic cell?

long fibers of DNA and protein are called

cell size is limited by?

which organelle is responsible for digesting foreign substances and/or worn out organelles

what is an example of something that does no contain its own DNA