chapter 2- medical terminology notes

medical specialty that studies the anatomy and physiology of the integumentary system.

covers most of the surface of the body. It consists of the skin, the nails, and the subcutaneous tissue. The functions of the integumentary system include protection, repair, sensation, synthesis of vitamin D, and thermoregulation.

pertaining to the skin

thin, outermost layer of the skin made up of epithelial tissues. It contains dead protective cells on its surface that are actively dividing on the base

thick, inner layer of the skin that lies below the epidermis made up of connective tissue. It contains sebaceous glands, sudoriferous glands and hair follicles

type of connective tissue that lies beneath the dermis composed of adipose tissue that insulates the body

a specific area on the skin that sends sensory information to the spinal cord

Any infection or inflammation of the skin.

Swelling from excessive amounts of fluid that move from the blood into the dermis or subQ.

\n Injury to the blood vessels that releases blood into the skin.

Any area of visible damage on the skin or a variation from normal skin.

elevated circular mound; acne

small, crack crevice; chapped lips

flat pigmented brown circle; freckle

elevated red spots filled with fluid; insect bites

flat think white flakes; dandruff or psoriasis

New growth on the skin, benign or malignant.

The condition of itching; may be associated with \n many diseases, especially allergic reactions on \n the skin.

A red or pink skin lesion that is flat or raised, itchy or not itchy.

Excessively dry skin.

cells in the epidermis that produce the pigment melanin that absorbs the sun’s UV light. Sunburn occurs when melanocytes can’t \n absorb all UV light.

\n Genetic mutation in which melanocytes do not produce melanin; results in a lack of coloration of the skin, hair, and eye.

\n A bluish-purple discoloration of the skin and nails.

Red discoloration of the skin; may be local or over large areas of skin.

Yellowish discoloration of the skin, mucous membranes, and sclera due to inability of the liver to process bilirubin.

Gray-to-black discoloration of skin due to skin death from a burn, ulcer, wound, or poor blood supply.

Autoimmune disease in which melanocytes are slowly destroyed and patches of depigmentation appear.

\n Sliding or scraping injury that mechanically removes the epidermis.

Fluid-filled sac with a thin, transparent covering of epidermal cells; caused by repetitive rubbing \n injury.

Caused by heat, hot objects, steam, boiling water, electricity, chemicals, and radiation. \n • Superficial \n • Partial-thickness \n • Full-thickness

Thickened, elevated pad on the dermis caused by repetitive rubbing.

Collagen that forms as an injury heals; a scar.

\n Superficial injury with a sharp object that creates a linear scratch on the skin.

Firm abnormally large scar that grows larger than the original injury due to overproduction of collagen.

Linear penetrating wound; may have clean-cut edges or torn, ragged edges.

Ulcer in the skin caused by epidermal and dermal breakdown; associated with constant pressure on the skin that decreases blood flow \n over bony areas.

Localized pus-containing pocket under the skin caused by a bacterial infection.

\n Infection and inflammation of the connective tissues of the skin

Infection with the virus herpes; involves vesicles, erythema, edema, and pain.Shingles is from herpes varicella-zoster. The lesions occur along a dermatome (an area of skin \n associated with a specific spinal nerve that goes to the spinal cord).

Rough, irregular skin lesion caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV); occurs on hands, fingers, or soles of the feet. also known as a wart

Fungal infection of the skin (ringworm); severe itching and burning with red, scaly lesions. \n • Tinea capitis (head) \n • Tinea corporis (body) \n • Tinea cruris (groin) –“jock itch” \n • Tinea pedis (feet)

Infestation of lice and their eggs (nits); can occur in the scalp, hair, eyelashes, and genital area.

Infestation of parasitic mites that tunnel under the skin and produce itchy vesicles; caused by the same parasite that causes mange in dogs.

Dermatitis caused by physical contact with an allergen or irritant like deodorant, soap, makeup, or urine.

Local allergic reaction to food, plants, animals, insect bites, or drugs; caused by release of histamines and involves raised areas of redness \n and edema that occur suddenly \n (rash)

Raised, rough areas due to chronic sun exposure.

Mass of superficial, dilated blood vessels present at birth; usually disappears without treatment.

Rounded growth of adipose tissue (fat) in the skin.

Lesion that comes in a variety of shapes and colors; present at birth.

(Ex. mole, birthmark, port-wine stain)

Soft, flesh-colored growth that protrudes from the skin; grows as a flap or polyp on a stalk (skin tag)

\n Light-to-dark brown, flat macules on the skin in areas exposed to the sun; also called age spots or liver spots.

Condition in which the skin and tissues between the toes or fingers are joined.

Begins in the basal epidermis; slow-growing cancer that appears as a raised, pearly bump.

Begins in melanocytes; fast-growing and spreading cancer.

Begins in the squamous epidermis; slow-growing red bump or ulcer.

A- ASYMMETRY

B- irregular BORDER

C-varied COLORING

D- large DIAMETER

E-EVOLVING size increase

Autoimmune disorder in which too many abnormal epidermal cells are produced; produces itch, silvery scales, and plaques.

Autoimmune disorder in which collagen in the \n skin and connective tissues deteriorates; characterized by butterfly rash on nose and cheeks.

exocrine glands that produce a type of oil called sebum. \n –Sebum travels through a duct to a hair follicle. \n –Sebum coats the hair shaft and moisturizes \n the skin’s surface.

Chronic skin condition of adolescence. Sebum hardens and blocks hair follicles, producing comedos (black and white headed pimples).

Chronic skin condition of middle age. Skin has blotchy erythema and dilated blood vessels (= rose colored).

Exocrine glands that secrete sweat through a duct that opens into a pore in the skin. \n –Sweat contains water, sodium, and small amounts of body waste. \n –Sweat is odorless, but takes on an odor when it contacts bacteria on the skin’s surface.

Congenital absence of sweat glands. No sweat is produced and heat is intolerable.

Profuse sweating; may indicate a serious underlying condition like myocardial infarction, hyperthyroidism, or drug withdrawal.

A tiny muscle at the base of the hair follicle contracts, which makes the hair stands up and causes a “goosebump” when the skin gets cold.

Loss of hair from the scalp due to disease, medication, or changes in hormone levels.

Presence of excessive, dark hair on the forearms and upper lip of women; caused by hormone changes associated with a tumor of the adrenal cortex.

abnormal downward curve and bluish coloration of the fingernails accompanied by stunted growth of the fingers. Associated with lack of oxygen in cystic fibrosis.

Fungal infection of the nail; nail root is infected and the nail is deformed as it grows.

Growth of bacteria taken from a wound or lesion in a lab; colonies are used to make a diagnosis and to determine the correct antibiotic treatment.

Intradermal injection or scratch of liquid \n allergen; formation of a wheal in response to the allergen is indicative of allergy.

Scraping of cells from a lesion done with the edge of a scalpel; cells are examined under a microscope to diagnose tinea.

Scraping of fluid from a vesicle to produce a slide for microscopic inspection; used to diagnose herpes virus \n and shingles.

Ultraviolet light used to highlight areas of abnormal skin; light makes vitiligo appear bright white and tinea \n capitis appear blue-green.

Treatment for deep wrinkles; Botox is injected into muscle; releases wrinkle lines and prevents the muscle from contracting (also used as a treatment \n for migraines)

Treatment for wrinkles or acne scars; liquid collagen solution plumps up skin to decrease the depth of the wrinkle or scar.

Treatment for unwanted fat deposits; cold device applied to the skin freezes fat cells and causes them to crystalize and die.

Treatment for benign or small malignant lesions; liquid nitrogen is applied to the lesion to freeze / destroy it

Treatment for necrotic tissue removal; prevents infection and creates a clean, raw surface for healing or grafting.

(= remove the bridle from (French))

Treatment for benign or small malignant \n lesions; electricity evaporates cellular \n contents and kills cells.

Treatment to drain fluid; an incision is made and fluid is expressed or drained.

Inspection of the skin during dermatologist visit; may involve all of the skin or a specific rash or lesion.

Treatment to improve skin appearance; \n involves removal of part of the epidermis.

Assessment of hydration level; skin fold is pulled up and time to flatten is noted.

Treatment to bring edges of skin together after laceration in injury; sewing skin and tissue together.

Treatment for wrinkles on the face and neck; ultrasound waves stimulate production of new collagen.

Provide temporary numbness of the skin during procedures that involve cutting or suturing.

Treat bacterial infections or acne vulgaris; may be topical or oral.

Treat fungal infections; may be topical or oral depending upon the fungus involved.

Treat itching associated with skin diseases; may be topical or oral.

Treat viral infections; may be topical or oral.

Treat psoriasis by slowing multiplication of epidermal cells; applied topically.

Treat inflammation by suppressing \n the immune response; may be topical \n or oral.

Improve blood flow to the scalp to \n increase hair growth

Treats scabies (mites) and pediculosis (lice); applied topically as a lotion and shampoo.

Treat acne vulgaris and severe cystic \n acne; may be topical or oral.

Applied directly to the skin; has a local effect.

Patches that are placed on the skin; drug is absorbed through the skin and transported through the blood to exert a systemic effect.

Needle inserted just under the epidermis; used for tuberculosis and allergy testing.

Needle inserted all the way into the hypodermis; Also referred to as subcutaneous (SQ, subcu, subQ) injection