Metals 12.1 to 12.4 

________ is formed when zinc reacts with oxygen and carbon dioxide in the air and protects the iron by the barrier method.

The ________ is transferred to an oxygen furnace where the conversion to steel takes place.

The ________ is the reducing agent and reduces the zinc oxide to zinc:

________ is first purified to produce aluminium oxide Al2O3.

Is dissolved in ________ and due to being a base, neutralises it to produce zinc sulfate.

The ________ floats on the surface of the molten iron and is skimmed off.

________ is not useful by itself as it is too soft and rusts very easily.

________ and iron can also react with oxygen although much more slowly.

________ (calcium carbonate) is added to the furnace to remove impurities in the ore.

If the coating is damaged or scratched, the iron is still protected from rusting because zinc preferentially corrodes as it is higher up the ________ than iron.

Collection and transport of material to be recycled requires ________ and fuel.

The ________ in the graphite anodes reacts with the oxygen produced to produce CO2.

Some metals react with water, either ________ or cold, or with steam.

________ is blown in the bottom.

________ is then dissolved in molten cryolite.

________ is reduced, especially in the electrolysis of aluminium.

________ lower down on the series can be extracted by heating with carbon.

________ do not have to be extracted chemically as they are often found as the uncombined element.

________ contains 70 % copper and 30 % zinc.

________ is also used to make an alloy called brass.

________ is added which reacts with the carbon forming carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide.

________ burns in the hot air forming carbon dioxide.

The ________ makes the alloy much harder and more corrosion resistant than copper alone.

________ produce approximately 10000 tonnes of iron per day.

________ is a reactive metal, above carbon in the reactivity series.

The ________ is studied by analysing their reactions with water, dilute acid and oxygen.

________ needs to be molten but has a high melting point.

________ is extracted in a large container called a blast furnace from its ore, haematite.

The ________ is siphoned off from time to time and fresh aluminium oxide is added to the cell.

The ________ formed reacts with the silicon dioxide, which is an impurity in the iron ore, to form calcium silicate.

The ________ is placed in an electrolysis cell, made from steel, lined with graphite.

The ________ and phosphorus oxides react with the powdered calcium oxide and from a slag which is mainly calcium silicate:

The ________: iron ore (haematite), coke (an impure form of carbon), and limestone are added into the top of the blast furnace.

________ reduces the iron (III) oxide in the iron ore to form iron.

________ is an alloy of 96 % iron, with carbon, phosphorus, silicon and sulfur impurities.

________ is used in galvanising, the process of coating a metal such as iron or steel with a protective coating of zinc to prevent corrosion or rusting.

________ that react with cold water form a metal hydroxide and hydrogen gas.

________ such as gold and copper do not react with acids.

iron ore (haematite), coke (an impure form of carbon), and limestone are added into the top of the blast furnace

zinc ions gains electrons (reduction) to produce zinc

too little and the iron is not strong enough but too much and the iron becomes brittle