Chemistry Quiz Term 2

When the functionality of you body went wrong

Infectious and Non infectious diseases

It can be spread or transmitted from person to person because of a pathogen infecting your body.

It is a living microscopic organism that has invaded the body. Attacking your cells and organs, producing toxic chemicals that make you sick.

This type of disease can’t be transmitted because there is no pathogen.

Inherited, nurtitional, lifestyle and environmental diseases and allergies and auto-immune diseases,

They are genetic disorders from your parents or ancestors having a genetic link to your future generations too.

Relate to what you eat and what you don’t creating disorders, deficiency.

Most cancers are from genetic links, some are set off by virus infections, some occur when malfunctions occur in your body. In a mutation that occurs in cell division, abnormal cells multiply out of control invading a healthy tissue

Caused by malfunctions of the immune system in which the body’s defences attack healthy tissues.

cancer, hemophilia, Sickle Cell

hay fever, type 1 diabetes, arthritis

scurvy => lack of vitamin C, obestity, anorexia

Melanoma, deadly form of skin cancer. Main cause is exposure of UV rays in sunlight.

All unicellular and have very small cells in a variety of shapes. Most are harmless decomposers in the soil or water. Their survival depends on their activitesSome can breed rapidly, damage your cells and organs releasing toxic chemicals.

sore throat, deadly cholera, typhoid

They are the smallest of all and are non-cellular, they are not made of cells at all. They have tiny capsule of protein with some genetic material DNA or RNA. They take over living cells, forcing to kill themselves making new viruses. Every virus is a pathogen.

Measles, influenza, common cold

They are unicellular and have animal-like cells. Not many diseases are caused but some are very serious. This pathogen is carried by mosquitos

Most are harmless decomposers in the soil, few cause disease. Absorbing nutrients from an external source. Examples, athlete’s foot, ringworm

Mucous membranes, secretions, frequent flushing and skin

They secrete a sticky substance, mucus that traps dust in the air you breathe. These tiny hair cells captures the germs and is destroyed in the stomach.

They kill pathogens and wash them away from the face the other forms an inflammation, eliminating the germs.

a cough or sneeze, spread by contact, animals, sexual contact, containmated foods

Epidemic is an outbreak of an disease in a city or town, pandemic affects millions globally

resistance is caused by over dose of antibiotics, making the pathogens no longer affected to them. They only kill bacteria, no viruses.

Organisms that lives in or on a second organism, called a host. They are dependent on them for nourishments. Usually causing it some harm.

Any soft bodied animals, usually small, without any limbs.

They have no cell parts, only made up of a substance called nucleic an acid covered by an overcoat of protein. Called a capsid. It does not do anything besides reproduction.

Very rare infection caused by a prion. It is a protein that makes others incorrectly fold themselves.

Phagocytes and lymphocytes

Eat and destroy cells that are not recognsed, by squeezing between cells to leave the blood and crawl through tissues. Millions of them gather at the infected site and pus is formed, a pale fluid.

That recongnise specific pathogens and their chemicals. They must learn each virus/bacteria that takes several days. Involves matching the shape of the cell with the chemical released. The toxin is called an antigen. The pathogens cause symptoms of the disease, untreated can be fatal.

1. T-cells, they recognise and destory by being burst open. “Killer cells'“

2. B-cells, produce billions of antibodies, that fits exactly onto the antigen. They lock onto to immobilised and the phagocytes destroy them.

Long after B and T cells have conquered the pathogen, special versions of them remain. these memory cells already know what the pathogen is and can destroy them, fast and furious so that no symptoms appear.

They are caused by viruses that constantly mutate and change their antigens

for serious disease, people may die before their immune system learns to fight the pathogen

Deliberately place dead or specially bred pathogens so that they are harmless to provoke your immune system to produce lymphocytes against that disease.

Fatty substances build up on the walls of the arteries, found in animal products. The artery becomes more narrow, making the heart have to work harder to pump blood. Sometimes these are blocked, preventing food and oxygen from reaching the heart. this is a heart attack. If it’s blocked to the brain, it’s a stroke.

Only grows in 1 place in the body, doesn’t spread and it usually not a problem.

It spreads, and harms the body. If its growth is not stopped, they may die. The earlier it’s detected, the higher chances of survival

Tells you how rapidly a food raises your blood sugar. and is measured out of 100. classified as low, medium or high, the lower the better.

BAC is the amount of alcohol in 100ml of blood. 0 limit means learner, P1 and P2 can’t consume. A standard drink is defined contains 10g of pure alcohol.

Body size, empty stomach, body fat, lot of body fat means higher BAC and gender, women have higher BAC than men.

Multiply the GI as a decimal by the carbohydtae content in grams. example. GI of watermelon, 72 of 120 g of carbo. 0.72 × 120.