Chapter 15: Union Divided: The Civil War (1861– 1865)

Early Civil War engagement ending in defeat for the Union army; this battle convinced many in the North that victory over the Confederacy would not be as easy as they first thought it would be

January 1, 1863, proclamation that freed slaves in Southern territories was controlled by the Union army

Bloodiest overall battle of the Civil War; many historians claim that the Southern defeat in this battle was the beginning of the end for the Confederacy

Virginia courthouse where General Robert E. Lee surrendered Confederate forces on April 9, 1865

Lincoln elected president

South Carolina secedes from Union

Confederate States of America created

Attack on Fort Sumter

First Battle of Bull Run

Union begins blockade of Southern ports

New Orleans captured by Union navy

Battle of Shiloh Conscription begins in Confederate states

Emancipation of slaves in Southern states begins

Battle of Antietam

British announce they will not aid the Confederacy in any substantial way

Emancipation Proclamation Conscription begins in the North; draftees may hire "replacements"

Draft riots in New York City

Crucial Union victory at Vicksburg

Crucial Union victory at Gettysburg

First black soldiers enlist in Union army

Abraham Lincoln reelected

General Sherman carries out his “march to the sea”

Desertion becomes a major problem in the Confederate army

General Lee surrenders at Appomattox

Abraham Lincoln assassinated

In December 1860, he declared secession illegal but believed there were no constitutional grounds to compel states to stay in the Union.

A fortress on an island in Charleston harbor, was ordered evacuated by the new South Carolina government.

It called for federal protection of slavery where it existed and the formal extension of the Missouri Compromise line to the Pacific, with territory south of the line open to slavery and north free.

Slavery's centrality to secession undermined Confederate cotton diplomacy with Britain and France. European powers wanted __________ and were unfriendly to the U.S.

Once Virginia seceded, the Confederate capital moved to Richmond. Northern newspapers editorialized "__________!" believing that taking this city near Washington D.C. would end the war.

He the elderly U.S. Army commander, was the only important official who thought the war would be long and hard.

On July 21, 1861, this force was defeated by an equally green Confederate army at the First _____________.

First Battle of Bull Run

Scott's plan, dubbed the _________ by uninformed journalists, was to blockade the southern coastline and seize the Mississippi River to economically strangle the Confederacy before well-trained federal armies finished it off.

Jefferson Davis also realized that he faced a long and difficult war. In April 1862, he convinced the Confederate Congress to establish the first ________.

In February 1862, ___________ captured Fort Henry and Fort Donelson in Tennessee, taking many prisoners and driving back Confederate forces in the Mississippi Valley.

In November 1861, he replaced General Scott as Union army commander.

To avoid the Union blockade, the Confederates built the ironclad _______.

All white men 18–35 were drafted into the __________ for three years. The ages were later extended from 17 to 50. The draft proved to be very unpopular.

General McClellan's army defeated Robert E. Lee's invasion of Maryland at the __________ on September 17, 1862, the bloodiest day of the Civil War.

Battle of Antietam

It changed the nature of the war. The North now wanted to extend freedom and end a rebellion.

Emancipation Proclamation

He won the Battle of Fredericksburg on December 13, 1862, and the Battle of Chancellorsville on May 1–3, 1863.

The Battle of Vicksburg ended with the city's surrender on __________.

On November 23–25, General Grant won the Battle of __________ in southeastern Tennessee, opening an invasion route into Georgia.

In May 1864, _____________'s army targeted Atlanta, Georgia, while Grant accompanied Meade's army toward Richmond.

Lincoln’s Assassination

He succeeded President Lincoln