AP Biology Unit 1 Terms

Elements share one or more electrons.

Unequal sharing of electrons cause elements to have partial charges that are attracted to opposites.

Polar bond specifically with Hydrogen.

Attraction between oppositely charged atoms causing a transfer of electrons.

Molecules have partial charges.

Molecules don't have partial charges, they equally share electrons (covalent bond) charges.

Molecules that love water; will point themselves towards water.

Ability to stick to each other.

Ability to stick to other molecules/surfaces.

Allows water to move up the body against gravity.

Ability to resist separation when under tension or stress.

Amount of heat needed to raise 1g of water 1 degree Celsius.

Amount of heat needed to turn a liquid into gas.

The study of compounds with covalent bonded carbon.

Compounds that contain carbon and hydrogen.

A line of connected carbon atoms.

Organic molecules consisting only of carbon and hydrogen.

Chemical groups attached to the carbon skeleton that participate in chemical reactions.

Builds proteins and nucleic acids.

Builds nucleic acid and lipids.

Large molecules that are carbon-based and make up every living organism.

Saccharides (sugars) made from carbon chains or rings.

Made from amino acids.

Fats made of long carbon chains.

DNA, RNA, ATP (energy).

Single macromolecules.

Many monomers bonded together, forming a specific substance (repeating units).

Beginning molecules of the reaction.

End molecules of the reaction.

Bonds two monomers with the loss of H2O.

(Hydro = water, lysis = to break) = adding water to break bonds.

One sugar ring (ex./ glucose).

Two sugar rings (ex./ sucrose).

Three or more sugar rings (ex./ starch).

A process modifying the molecular structure of a protein, often due to changes in heat, salinity and pH.

Lipids with a single bond that can be stacked together tightly; solid at room temperature.

Lipids with at least one double bond that cannot bend or stack; liquid at room termperature.

Lipids that are identifiable by their four fused rings.

A lipid with a hydrophillic (head) and hydrophobic (tail) part.