Organelle Genetics

________ mediated transformation: introduction of foreign DNA across two membranes of the chloroplast envelope, selection on medium containing the antibiotic that corresponds to the resistance marker gene in transformation vector.

________ editing in Mitochondria: changes the nucleotide sequence of transcripts, Creation of an ORF, creation of translation start and stop codons, changes the AA sequence relative to that predicted by the DNA.

________: both WT and MT cpDNA containing cells and tissues.

________: a mixture of wt and mt cpDNA.

________: dynamin like proteins on both inner and outer membranes, fission type proteins act at outer membrane, interact with cytoskeletal components during cytokinesis.

________: high- level production of transgene product, high precise integration of transgenes due to HR, transgene stacking in operons, no epigenetic effects.

________: following mitosis progeny with mixture of chloroplasts segregate by stochastic partitioning, random cpDNA segregation.

________: herbicide and pathogen resistance, biopharmaceuticals, metabolic pathway modification.

________: altered floral morphology (absence of stamen, anthers, pollen grains), Homeotic ________, Degenerative ________ (anther and pollen degradation)

________: Heavy strand forms in displacement loop, loop expands light strand starts replication starts to look like a D instea of an O.

________: reverse genetics, Gene replacement, biotechnology and test of expression elements.

________: 14 mt genes, mainly GOF, chimeric genes (recombination b /mtGenomes) genes encoding ATP synthase and Cytochrome Oxidase.