Chapter 22: Stem Cells and Tissue Renewal

They are essential for covering body surfaces, lining organs, and forming protective barriers throughout the body.

They are undifferentiated cells with the capacity for self-renewal and the ability to differentiate into multiple cell types.

They are located in the basal layer of epithelia and have the potential to give rise to differentiating cells.

They are the immediate progeny of basal stem cells and undergo rapid proliferation before differentiating into specific cell types.

It is a common mechanism by which epithelial stem cells self-renew while generating differentiating progeny.

They are a type of connective tissue cell that plays a crucial role in the maintenance, repair, and remodeling of various tissues and organs.

They are a specialized form of fibroblast that exhibit properties of both fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells.

specialized muscle progenitor cells

They are part of the circulatory system and play a crucial role in transporting blood throughout the body.

They carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to various tissues and organs.

They return deoxygenated blood back to the heart.

They are tiny, thin-walled vessels that connect arteries and veins. They enable the exchange of nutrients, oxygen, waste products, and hormones between the blood and surrounding tissues.

It is composed of a single layer of endothelial cells, supported by a thin layer of connective tissue.

It consists of smooth muscle cells and elastic fibers, which allow the blood vessels to constrict or dilate, regulating blood flow and blood pressure.

It is a connective tissue layer that provides structural support and contains nerves and blood vessels that supply the blood vessel itself.

They are a network of vessels that parallel the blood vessels and form the lymphatic system.

They collect excess interstitial fluid, called lymph, from tissues and transport it back to the bloodstream.

They are small structures located along the lymphatic vessels that filter lymph, removing pathogens, cellular debris, and foreign substances.

It is a type of white blood cell, reside within the lymphatic system and play a central role in immune responses.

They are specialized cells that line the interior surface of blood vessels and lymphatic vessels, forming a thin layer called the endothelium.

It is the process by which new blood cells are formed in the body.

Specific progenitor cells are stimulated to undergo increased proliferation and differentiation.

It refers to the ability of an organism to replace lost or damaged tissue with newly formed tissue that restores the original structure and function.

It involves the formation of scar tissue to bridge gaps in tissue that cannot be regenerated fully.

It is the initial response to tissue injury, characterized by the recruitment of immune cells, release of cytokines, and activation of various signaling pathways.

It occurs as a result of the activation and division of existing cells or the recruitment of stem cells or progenitor cells to the site of injury.

It is the process by which newly generated cells become specialized and acquire the characteristics and functions of the damaged tissue.

It involves the restructuring and maturation of the newly formed tissue, including the organization of cells, deposition of extracellular matrix, and restoration of tissue architecture.

It refers to the process of converting specialized cells into a more flexible state, often resembling embryonic stem cells, which have the ability to give rise to all cell types in the body.